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dc.creatorGutiérrez, José María
dc.creatorLeón Montero, Guillermo
dc.creatorBurnouf, Thierry
dc.date.accessioned2016-12-09T16:33:24Z
dc.date.available2016-12-09T16:33:24Z
dc.date.issued2011-05
dc.identifier.citationhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045105611000418
dc.identifier.issn1045-1056
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10669/29380
dc.description.abstractThe parenteral administration of antivenoms is the cornerstone of snakebite envenoming therapy. Efforts are made to ensure that antivenoms of adequate efficacy and safety are available world-wide. We address the main issues to be considered for the development and manufacture of improved antivenoms. Those include: (a) A knowledge-based composition design of venom mixtures used for immunization, based on biochemical, immunological, toxicological, taxonomic, clinical and epidemiological data; (b) a careful selection and adequate management of animals used for immunization; (c) well-designed immunization protocols; (d) sound innovations in plasma fractionation protocols to improve recovery, tolerability and stability of antivenoms; (e) the use of recombinant toxins as immunogens to generate antivenoms and the synthesis of engineered antibodies to substitute for animal-derived antivenoms; (f) scientific studies of the contribution of existing manufacturing steps to the inactivation or removal of viruses and other zoonotic pathogens; (g) the introduction of novel quality control tests; (h) the development of in vitro assays in substitution of in vivo tests to assess antivenom potency; and (i) scientifically-sound pre-clinical and clinical assessments of antivenoms. These tasks demand cooperative efforts at all main stages of antivenom development and production, and need concerted international partnerships between key stakeholders.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa Ricaes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipInternational Foundation for Science//IFS/Sueciaes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipCiencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo//CYTED/Españaes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas//CRUSA-CSIC/Españaes_ES
dc.language.isoen_USes_ES
dc.sourceBiologicals; Volumen 39, Número 3. 2011es_ES
dc.subjectAntivenomes_ES
dc.subjectSnakebitees_ES
dc.subjectEnvenominges_ES
dc.subjectPlasma fractionationes_ES
dc.subjectQuality controles_ES
dc.subjectImmunizationes_ES
dc.subjectSnake venomes_ES
dc.titleAntivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenomings: The road aheades_ES
dc.typeartículo original
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.02.005es_ES
dc.description.procedenceUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP)es_ES


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