Thrips (Thysanoptera) del aguacate (Persea americana) en Nayarit, México

Abstract

Se determinaron las especies de thrips asociadas al cultivo de aguacate Hass y se estableció su importancia como plagas o depredadoras. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en el Municipio de Xalisco, Nayarit, México, en tres huertas comerciales ubicadas a diferente altitud: “La Carbonera”, “El Carrizal” y “Oreja de Ratón”. Se realizaron recolecciones semanales durante 24 meses, utilizando tres técnicas de muestreo: manteo, redeo y derribo. Se capturaron 3.698 thrips adultos. La mayor captura se obtuvo en “La Carbonera” (40,50%), la intermedia en “Oreja de Ratón” (30,74%) y la menor en “El Carrizal” (20,76%). Con la técnica de derribo se obtuvo el mayor número de thrips, seguido por redeo y manteo, respectivamente. Se identificó un total de 725 thrips, resultando 40 especies. Franklinothrips orizabensis fue la especie más representada (21,7%), seguida de Pseudophilothrips perseae (15,2%), y Franklinothrips lineatus (14,3%). El resto de las 37 especies tuvieron porcentajes en rangos de 0,13 a 8,65. En esta diversidad, once especies son fitófagas, siete depredadoras y 22 visitadoras.

The species of thrips associated with Hass avocado orchards was determined, and their importance as pests or predators was established. Research was carried out in the municipality of Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico, in three commercial orchards located at different altitudes: “La Carbonera”, “El Carrizal” and “Oreja de Raton.” Weekly collections were carried out over a period of 24 months, using three sampling techniques: blanketing, netting and knockdown. A total of 3,698 adult thrips were captured. The greatest capture was at “La Carbonera” (40.50%), the intermediate at “Oreja de Raton” and the lowest at “El Carrizal” (20.76%). The knockdown technique obtained the highest number of thrips, followed by netting and blanketing, respectively. A total of 725 thrips were identified, resulting in 40 species. Franklinothrips orizabensis was the most represented species (21.7%), followed by Pseudophilothrips perseae (15.2%) and Franklinothrips lineatus (14.3%). The other 37 species had percentages ranging from 0.13 to 8.65. In this diversity, 11 species are phytophagous, seven predaceous and 22 visitors.