First Report of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in Costa Rica

Abstract

During 1997 to 1998, symptoms of leaf roll, dwarfism, chlorosis, and occasional leaf necrosis were observed on Solanum tuberosum in several plots in Cartago, the principal potato-production region of Costa Rica. Because of the known association between potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and viroids (1) and previous reports of PLRV in Costa Rica, the presence of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) was suspected. Leaf samples from 122 symptomatic potato plants, cvs. Atzimba, Floresta, Idiafrit, and Birris, were collected from 10 plots. Total nucleic acids (TNAs) were extracted and purified (2) from collected symptomatic samples and six healthy potato controls. TNAs were spotted on nylon membranes and hybridized to a digoxigenin labeled DNA probe specific for PSTVd. Of 122 symptomatic plants, 71 were positive for PSTVd based on dot blot hybridization. TNAs from 12 positive potato samples, including at least 1 sample from each cultivar, were used to inoculate Lycopersicum esculentum cv. Super Marmande. Eleven of twelve inoculated tomato plants showed symptoms of dwarfism, leaf deformation, and grayish foliage, often with a dull surface. TNAs were extracted from inoculated tomato and hybridized to the PSTVd probe. All inoculated symptomatic plants were positive for PSTVd based on dot blot hybridization. This is the first report of PSTVd in Costa Rica.