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dc.creatorAbarca Alvarado, Juan Gabriel
dc.creatorZúñiga Chaves, Ibrahim
dc.creatorOrtiz Morales, Gilmary
dc.creatorLugo, Armando
dc.creatorVíquez Cervilla, Mariel
dc.creatorRodríguez Hernández, Natalia
dc.creatorVázquez Sánchez, Frances
dc.creatorMurillo Cruz, Catalina
dc.creatorTorres Rivera, Ernesto A.
dc.creatorPinto Tomás, Adrián A.
dc.creatorGodoy Vitorino, Filipa
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-11T21:34:27Z
dc.date.available2019-09-11T21:34:27Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.citationhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02624/full
dc.identifier.issn1664-302X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10669/79116
dc.description.abstractRhinella marina is a toad native to South America that has been introduced in the Antilles, likely carrying high loads of microorganisms, potentially impacting local community diversity. The amphibian skin is involved in pathogen defense and its microbiota has been relatively well studied, however, research focusing on the cane toad microbiota is lacking. We hypothesize that the skin microbial communities will differ between toads inhabiting different geographical regions in Central America and the Caribbean. To test our hypothesis, we compared the microbiota of three populations of R. cf. marina toads, two from Costa Rican (native) and one Puerto Rican (exotic) locations. In Costa Rica, we collected 11 toads, 7 in Sarapiquí and 4 from Turrialba while in Puerto Rico, 10 animals were collected in Santa Ana. Separate swab samples were collected from the dorsal and ventral sites resulting in 42 samples. We found significant differences in the structure of the microbial communities between Puerto Rico and Costa Rica. We detected as much as 35 different phyla; however, communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Alpha diversity and richness were significantly higher in toads from Puerto Rico and betadiversity revealed significant differences between the microbiota samples from the two countries. At the genus level, we found in Santa Ana, Puerto Rico, a high dominance of Kokuria, Niabella, and Rhodobacteraceae, while in Costa Rica we found Halomonas and Pseudomonas in Sarapiquí, and Acinetobacter and Citrobacter in Turrialba. This is the first report of Niabella associated with the amphibian skin. The core microbiome represented 128 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) mainly from five genera shared among all samples, which may represent the symbiotic Rhinella’s skin. These results provide insights into the habitat-induced microbial changes facing this amphibian species. The differences n the microbial diversity in Puerto Rican toads compared to those in Costa Rica provide additional evidence of the geographically induced patterns in the amphibian skin microbiome, and highlight the importance of discussing the microbial tradeoffs in the colonization of new ecosystemses_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Institute of General Medical Sciences/[GM103475-15]/NIGMS/Estados Unidoses_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterio de Ciencia Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones/[849-PINN-2015-I]/MICIT/Costa Ricaes_ES
dc.language.isoen_USes_ES
dc.sourceFrontiers in Microbiology, vol. 8, pp. 1-13es_ES
dc.subject16S rRNA gene sequencinges_ES
dc.subjectSkines_ES
dc.subjectToades_ES
dc.subjectBacterial communitieses_ES
dc.subjectBioinformaticses_ES
dc.titleCharacterization of the Skin Microbiota of the Cane Toad Rhinella cf. marina in Puerto Rico and Costa Ricaes_ES
dc.typeartículo original
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fmicb.2017.02624
dc.description.procedenceUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas (CIEMIC)es_ES
dc.description.procedenceUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicinaes_ES
dc.description.procedenceUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM)es_ES


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