Las malformaciones congénitas en Costa Rica. II (Estudio retrospectivo hospitalario de caso-control)
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Barrantes Mesén, Ramiro
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Abstract
Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de caso-control de malformaciones congénitas en Costa Rica, utilizando expedientes clínicos de los Hospitales Nacional de Niños Carlos Sáenz Herrera y la Maternidad Carit, entre 1970 y 1977. Se estudió la frecuencia de anomalías congénitas y 33 variables concomitantes relacionadas con los padres y el recién nacido en 2072 niños malformados y 2163 testigos. Las malformaciones más frecuentes fueron las clasificadas como síndromes y las malformaciones múltiples no clasificadas: (24%), del aparato digestivo (16%), cardiopatías (14%) y de los miembros (6%). Se encontraron diferencias significativas con el grupo testigo de algunas variables relacionadas con los padres y los recién nacidos: edad de los padres, primiparidad, número de gestaciones, malformaciones familiares, peso y talla de los niños, proporción sexual y signos nos vitales del recién nacido. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados en el sistema de salud y se sugieren modificaciones en la metodología utilizada para determinar los defectos congénitos mediante estudios prospectivos, especialmente en la caracterización de componentes genéticos y agentes teratógenos no incluidos hasta el momento.
A case-control retrospective study of congenital malformations was carried out in Costa Rica, utilizing clinical records from the Hospital Nacional de Niños Carlos Sáenz Herrera and the Maternidad Carit, during the period between 1970 and 1977. Possible relationships between the frequency of congenital anomalies and 33 concomitant variables were tested using data from 2072 malformed newborns and their parents and 2163 control. The most common malformations were the syndrome and multiple anormalies (24%), digestive tract defects (16%), cardiopathies (16%) and limb malformations (6%). Parental age, primiparity, number of gestations, familiar malformations, the newborn's sex, weight, height and vital signs all showed significant differences between the two groups of newborns. Implications of these results for the Costa Rica national health system are discussed and modification of the current methodology utilized to determined birth defects through prospective studies are suggested, particularly regarding techniques for the characterization of the genetic components and teratogenic agents that are not used at present.
A case-control retrospective study of congenital malformations was carried out in Costa Rica, utilizing clinical records from the Hospital Nacional de Niños Carlos Sáenz Herrera and the Maternidad Carit, during the period between 1970 and 1977. Possible relationships between the frequency of congenital anomalies and 33 concomitant variables were tested using data from 2072 malformed newborns and their parents and 2163 control. The most common malformations were the syndrome and multiple anormalies (24%), digestive tract defects (16%), cardiopathies (16%) and limb malformations (6%). Parental age, primiparity, number of gestations, familiar malformations, the newborn's sex, weight, height and vital signs all showed significant differences between the two groups of newborns. Implications of these results for the Costa Rica national health system are discussed and modification of the current methodology utilized to determined birth defects through prospective studies are suggested, particularly regarding techniques for the characterization of the genetic components and teratogenic agents that are not used at present.
Description
Artículo científico -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, 1985
Keywords
malformaciones congénitas, anomalías congénitas, Costa Rica, etiología, Genética humana, Salud pública
Citation
http://www.binasss.sa.cr/revistas/amc/v28n11985/art8.pdf