Caracterización clínica y desenlaces de pacientes con lesión renal aguda según el uso de terapia de reemplazo renal en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital México, durante el periodo del 2023 al 2025
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Antecedentes. La lesión renal aguda (LRA) es una disfunción súbita de la función renal, su diagnóstico clínico y estadificación se basan en los criterios Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN). Tiene una alta incidencia en la unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI) y se asocia con mayor riesgo de mortalidad y peores desenlaces funcionales a largo plazo. En su forma más severa, puede requerir soporte con reemplazo renal (TRR), sin embargo, aún persiste incertidumbre sobre cuál es el impacto real de la TRR en los desenlaces de estos pacientes. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico y comparativo de los pacientes con LRA ingresados a las UCI del Hospital México (HM) entre 2023 y 2025. Estos fueron clasificados según criterios AKIN y comparados de acuerdo con el uso de TRR. Se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas y de desenlace; mortalidad en UCI, a 28 y 90 días, recuperación renal y estancia hospitalaria. El análisis estadístico incluyó estadística descriptiva, regresión logística multivariada, modelos de Kaplan–Meier, Cox y análisis de emparejamiento basado en el puntaje de propensión (PSM), ajustado por variables de confusión clínicamente relevantes. Resultados. Se estudió una cohorte de 653 pacientes con LRA, constituida por 64% mujeres, con edad mediana de 59 años, al ingreso con una elevada severidad clínica y con sepsis como principal causa de LRA. El estadio AKIN 3 representó el 57,6% de los casos y la mortalidad aumentó de acuerdo con la severidad del AKIN. Además, en los pacientes con AKIN 3 que requirieron TRR, en el análisis no ajustado, se observó una mayor mortalidad en UCI en este grupo (OR 1.59, IC 95% 1.04-2.43; p = 0.03), sin diferencias significativas en mortalidad a 28 (OR 0.93, IC 95% 0.61-1.43; p = 0.72) ni a 90 días (OR 1.46, IC 95% 0.96-2.23; p = 0.07). Sin embargo, en los análisis ajustados, la TRR se asoció con menor mortalidad en UCI (HR 0.62, IC 95% 0.44–0.86; p = 0.004), pero sin diferencias a los 28 (HR 0.86 IC 95% 0.62-1.20; p = 0.37) ni a los 90 días (HR 1.12, IC 95% 0.82-1.54; p = 0.46). La TRR se asoció de forma consistente con una menor probabilidad de recuperación renal (OR 0.36, IC 95% 0.23–0.57; p < 0.001) y mayor estancia en UCI (15 vs 8 días; p <0.001) y hospitalaria total (28 vs 23 días; p = 0.003). Conclusiones. En pacientes con AKIN 3, la TRR no se asoció con aumento de la mortalidad a 28 ni 90 días tras análisis multivariado y emparejamiento por PSM.
Background: Acute kidney injury (LRA) is a sudden deterioration of kidney function. Its clinical diagnosis and staging are based on the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. AKI is highly prevalent in intensive care units (UCI) and is associated with increased mortality and poorer long-term functional outcomes. In its most severe form, AKI may require renal replacement therapy (TRR); however, uncertainty remains regarding the true impact of TRR on patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, analytical, and comparative study of patients with AKI admitted to the UCI of Hospital México between 2023 and 2025. Patients were classified according to AKIN criteria and compared based on the use of TRR. Demographic, clinical, and outcome variables were analyzed, including ICU mortality, 28-day and 90-day mortality, renal recovery, and length of hospital stay. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards models, and propensity score matching (PSM), adjusted for clinically relevant confounding variables. Results: A cohort of 653 patients with AKI was analyzed. The population was composed of 64% women, with a median age of 59 years, presenting with high clinical severity at admission, and sepsis as the leading cause of AKI. AKIN stage 3 accounted for 57.6% of cases, and mortality increased with AKI severity. Among patients with AKIN stage 3 who required RRT, the unadjusted analysis showed higher ICU mortality in the RRT group (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.04–2.43; p = 0.03), with no significant differences in 28-day mortality (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.61–1.43; p = 0.72) or 90-day mortality (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.96–2.23; p = 0.07). However, in adjusted analyses, RRT was associated with lower ICU mortality (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44–0.86; p = 0.004), but no differences were observed at 28 days (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.62–1.20; p = 0.37) or 90 days (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.82–1.54; p = 0.46). RRT was consistently associated with a lower likelihood of renal recovery (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.23–0.57; p < 0.001), as well as longer ICU stay (15 vs. 8 days; p < 0.001) and total hospital stay (28 vs. 23 days; p = 0.003). Conclusions: In patients with AKIN stage 3, RRT was not associated with increased 28- day or 90-day mortality after multivariable adjustment and PSM.
Background: Acute kidney injury (LRA) is a sudden deterioration of kidney function. Its clinical diagnosis and staging are based on the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. AKI is highly prevalent in intensive care units (UCI) and is associated with increased mortality and poorer long-term functional outcomes. In its most severe form, AKI may require renal replacement therapy (TRR); however, uncertainty remains regarding the true impact of TRR on patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, analytical, and comparative study of patients with AKI admitted to the UCI of Hospital México between 2023 and 2025. Patients were classified according to AKIN criteria and compared based on the use of TRR. Demographic, clinical, and outcome variables were analyzed, including ICU mortality, 28-day and 90-day mortality, renal recovery, and length of hospital stay. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards models, and propensity score matching (PSM), adjusted for clinically relevant confounding variables. Results: A cohort of 653 patients with AKI was analyzed. The population was composed of 64% women, with a median age of 59 years, presenting with high clinical severity at admission, and sepsis as the leading cause of AKI. AKIN stage 3 accounted for 57.6% of cases, and mortality increased with AKI severity. Among patients with AKIN stage 3 who required RRT, the unadjusted analysis showed higher ICU mortality in the RRT group (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.04–2.43; p = 0.03), with no significant differences in 28-day mortality (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.61–1.43; p = 0.72) or 90-day mortality (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.96–2.23; p = 0.07). However, in adjusted analyses, RRT was associated with lower ICU mortality (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44–0.86; p = 0.004), but no differences were observed at 28 days (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.62–1.20; p = 0.37) or 90 days (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.82–1.54; p = 0.46). RRT was consistently associated with a lower likelihood of renal recovery (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.23–0.57; p < 0.001), as well as longer ICU stay (15 vs. 8 days; p < 0.001) and total hospital stay (28 vs. 23 days; p = 0.003). Conclusions: In patients with AKIN stage 3, RRT was not associated with increased 28- day or 90-day mortality after multivariable adjustment and PSM.
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Lesón renal aguda, Terapia de reemplazo renal, Unidad de cuidados intensivos, AKIN