Propuesta de evaluación y reforma del Auditorio de la Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas, para mejorar el confort térmico de los usuarios
Fecha
2023
Tipo
tesis de maestría
Autores
Sánchez Martínez, Flórida Isabel
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Resumen
El Auditorio Ignacio Ellacuría se concibió para funcionar utilizando la ventilación natural, sin embargo, desde el principio esto planteaba ciertas contradicciones con su uso, por lo que algunas áreas fueron cerradas. Además, la orientación de la edificación y de sus aberturas tiene implicaciones en el patrón del viento en el interior. La mezcla de estos elementos particulares de la edificación junto con el entorno y los usuarios han creado condiciones interiores identificadas por los propietarios como desfavorables, surgiendo la necesidad de realizar cambios. Para esto se ha realizado un estudio post ocupación, que permita diagnosticar las causas y las probables intervenciones con las cuales sea posible lograr confort en el interior. La intervención en edificaciones existentes se vuelve importante debido a que se enmarca dentro de la situación global de cambio climático, debido a la relación entre la energía que requieren las edificaciones para funcionar y las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. En el trópico es de particular importancia la energía para enfriar el espacio, por lo que la búsqueda de estrategias alternativas y complementarias a la tecnología dominante del aire acondicionado, es de mucha relevancia. Adicionalmente, cuando se considera la energía incorporada en las edificaciones existentes, tiene mucho sentido que se pueda invertir en ellas para evitar que puedan ser objeto de demolición y de nuevas demandas de energía para erigir otra edificación. En la metodología de trabajo se establecen 3 etapas secuenciales: el diagnóstico de la situación actual, la evaluación de opciones y finalmente una propuesta de intervención. La etapa del diagnóstico está compuesta de 3 partes: primero, un análisis de los diferentes aspectos de la edificación y su entorno. Segundo, la toma de las mediciones continuas de variables de temperatura y humedad relativa, identificando en que periodos el auditorio estuvo ocupado y en cuales estaba vacío. Las mediciones permitieron identificar patrones de comportamiento térmico de la edificación al compararlas con lo que estaba ocurriendo en el exterior. Y tercero, las simulaciones térmicas de las condiciones actuales, estas coincidían con las mediciones continuas y además fueron de utilidad para identificar elementos particulares que podían estar influyendo en el comportamiento térmico de la edificación. En la etapa de evaluación se utilizó el modelo calibrado para realizar simulaciones térmicas modificando diferentes componentes de la envolvente y el interior, evaluando los resultados en términos de cuanto se mejora el confort interior al compararlo con el caso base. Se seleccionaron las que obtenían mejor resultado para construir un modelo final del cual también se obtuvieron simulaciones térmicas. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos para conocer que tanto se mejora el confort interior y bajo qué condiciones, de la misma forma se exploran otras posibilidades y aspectos que podrían considerarse en una futura intervención.
The Ignacio Ellacuría Auditorium, designed in 1976, was conceived to function using natural ventilation, however, from the beginning, this posed certain contradictions with its use, which is why some areas were closed. In addition, the orientation of the building and its openings have implications for the pattern of wind inside. The mixture of these particular elements of the building together with the environment and the users have created interior conditions identified by the owners as unfavorable, giving rise to the need to make changes. For this, a post-occupation study has been carried out, which allows for diagnosing the causes and probable interventions with which it is possible to achieve comfort inside. The intervention in existing buildings becomes important because it is framed within the global situation of climate change, due to the relationship between the energy that buildings require to function and greenhouse gas emissions. In the tropics, energy to cool the space is of particular importance, so the search for alternative and complementary strategies to the dominant air conditioning technology is highly relevant. Additionally, when considering the energy embodied in existing buildings, it makes a lot of sense that it could be invested in them to prevent them from being demolished and generates new energy demands from erecting another building. The diagnostic stage is composed of 3 parts: first, an analysis of the different aspects of the building and its surroundings. Second, continuous measurements of temperature and relative humidity variables were taken, identifying when the auditorium was occupied and when it was empty. The measurements made it possible to identify patterns of thermal behavior of the building by comparing them with what was occurring outside. Third, the thermal simulations of the current conditions wich coincided with the continuous measurements and were also useful to identify particular elements that could be influencing the thermal behavior of the building. In the evaluation stage, the calibrated model was used to perform thermal simulations modifying different components of the envelope and the interior, evaluating the results in terms of how much the interior comfort is improved compared to the base case. The best performing ones were selected to build a final model from which thermal simulations were also obtained. The results obtained were analyzed to know how much the interior comfort is improved and under what conditions, and other possibilities and aspects that could be considered in a future intervention were also explored.
The Ignacio Ellacuría Auditorium, designed in 1976, was conceived to function using natural ventilation, however, from the beginning, this posed certain contradictions with its use, which is why some areas were closed. In addition, the orientation of the building and its openings have implications for the pattern of wind inside. The mixture of these particular elements of the building together with the environment and the users have created interior conditions identified by the owners as unfavorable, giving rise to the need to make changes. For this, a post-occupation study has been carried out, which allows for diagnosing the causes and probable interventions with which it is possible to achieve comfort inside. The intervention in existing buildings becomes important because it is framed within the global situation of climate change, due to the relationship between the energy that buildings require to function and greenhouse gas emissions. In the tropics, energy to cool the space is of particular importance, so the search for alternative and complementary strategies to the dominant air conditioning technology is highly relevant. Additionally, when considering the energy embodied in existing buildings, it makes a lot of sense that it could be invested in them to prevent them from being demolished and generates new energy demands from erecting another building. The diagnostic stage is composed of 3 parts: first, an analysis of the different aspects of the building and its surroundings. Second, continuous measurements of temperature and relative humidity variables were taken, identifying when the auditorium was occupied and when it was empty. The measurements made it possible to identify patterns of thermal behavior of the building by comparing them with what was occurring outside. Third, the thermal simulations of the current conditions wich coincided with the continuous measurements and were also useful to identify particular elements that could be influencing the thermal behavior of the building. In the evaluation stage, the calibrated model was used to perform thermal simulations modifying different components of the envelope and the interior, evaluating the results in terms of how much the interior comfort is improved compared to the base case. The best performing ones were selected to build a final model from which thermal simulations were also obtained. The results obtained were analyzed to know how much the interior comfort is improved and under what conditions, and other possibilities and aspects that could be considered in a future intervention were also explored.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ARQUITECTURA, COMODIDA, TEMPERATURA, USUARIO