Communities in DSpace
Select a community to browse its collections.
Recent Submissions
Diversidad dietética, estado antropométrico y perfil bioquímico de centenarios de la Península de Nicoya, Costa Rica, y su descendencia
(2024-07-03) Gómez Salas, Georgina; Arriola Aguirre, Raquel; Vindas Meza, Laura; Pinto Tomás, Adrián Alberto; Cordero Solís, Juan José; Barrientos Calvo, Isabel; Perez Carvajal, Ana Mercedes
Antecedentes y objetivo
Las relaciones sociales, la actividad física y la alimentación, han sido propuestos como los responsables de la longevidad. Sin embargo, muchas de estas condiciones han cambiado en las sociedades modernas. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar si el estado antropométrico, el perfil bioquímico y la dieta de los centenarios nicoyanos es diferente al de su decencia, y si la calidad y la diversidad de la dieta de estos costarricenses difiere de la de los adultos de zonas urbanas del mismo país.
Materiales y métodos
Se realizaron valoraciones antropométricas, bioquímicas y dietéticas a 120 adultos residentes en la Península de Nicoya, dentro de los que se encontraban los centenarios, sus hijos y sus nietos. Los datos fueron analizados haciendo uso de estadística descriptiva e inferencial.
Resultados
Existe un porcentaje significativamente menor de exceso de peso, adiposidad central y lípidos sanguíneos en los centenarios nicoyanos en comparación con los hijos y nietos. El consumo de «lácteos» y «otras frutas» es mayor en los centenarios que en sus descendientes. Los centenarios mostraron un índice de diversidad (IDD) de la dieta mayor en comparación con otras categorías de edad; además, mostraron un IDD mayor y una dieta significativamente más diversa que la población urbana de Costa Rica.
Conclusión
Los centenarios nicoyanos presentaron un mejor perfil lipídico y glucémico que su descendencia, tienen menor peso y una mejor calidad y diversidad de la dieta que sus familiares y que los adultos de la zona urbana de Costa Rica.
Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with body mass index: Cross-sectional evidence from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health
(2025-08) Rossato de Victo, Eduardo; Gómez Salas, Georgina; Fisberg, Mauro; Kovalskys, Irina; Ferrero Hernández, Paloma; Farias Valenzuela, Claudio; Fernandes Figueiredo, Tatiane; Moraes Ferrari, Gerson Luis
Background
More research is required to determine the joint associations of physical activity and sedentary time with body mass index (BMI) in Latin America. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate said associations in eight countries in the region.
Methods
Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using accelerometers in 2404 participants aged 39.30 ± 12.93 years who took part in the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. Linear regression was used to investigate associations with BMI and logistic regression was used to investigate associations with obesity.
Results
The average BMI was 27.51 ± 5.35 kg/m2. Physical activity was inversely associated with BMI, such that every 30 min/day was associated with a BMI 3.75 kg/m2 lower. Compared to the group with high physical activity and low sedentary time, the odds ratio for obesity was no greater in the group with high physical activity and high sedentary time [0.70 (0.45,1.09)]. The risk was greater in the group with low physical activity and low sedentary time, although the confidence interval was relatively wide and included the value of 1.00 [1.36 (0.92,1.80)]. The risk was greater in the group with low physical activity and high sedentary time [1.71 (1.21,2.41)].
Conclusions
Weight loss is incredibly difficult at the population level and primary prevention may be more effective in countries where obesity is still emerging as a major health issue. This study suggests that physical activity may have a more important role than sedentary time in the primary prevention of obesity in Latin America.
Dietary patterns and sustainable lifestyles: a multicenter study from Latin America and Spain
(2025-06-11) Parra Soto, Solange; Carpio Arias, Tannia Valeria; Ríos Castillo, Israel; Pérez Armijo, Patricio; Landaeta Díaz, Leslie; Murillo Solis, Ana Gabriela; Araneda Flores, Jacqueline Alejandra; Cavagnari, Brian M.; Gómez Salas, Georgina; Morales Illanes, Gladys Ruth; Cordón Arrivillaga, Karla Rosángel; Miranda Durán, Melissa; Aguilar Liendo, Ana María; Ortiz, Alfonsina; Meza Miranda, Eliana Romina; Nava González, Edna Judith; Bejarano Roncancio, Jhon Jairo; Núñez Martínez, Beatriz; Marques Lima, João Pedro; de Assis Costa, Jorge; Torres García, Jairo Alonso; Mauricio Alza, Saby Marisol; Camacho López, Saby; Morales Morales, Gloria Maricela; Jara Nercasseau, Macarena; Durán Agüero, Samuel
Food systems interact through multiple dimensions including food security, nutrition, and planetary health. This study aims to associate different dietary patterns with sustainable lifestyles in Latin America and Spain. This was an observational, analytical, multicenter, cross-sectional survey study, with a total of 6412 participants. A self-administered questionnaire was developed in an online format in the Google Docs interface. The questionnaire was divided into sections: (1) sociodemographic background: country of residence, age, sex, educational level, socioeconomic aspects, and place of residence; (2) body mass index classification; (3) dietary patterns (Western, vegetarian, vegan, ketogenic, Mediterranean, prudent, or paleolithic diets); and (4) the Sustainable Lifestyles Survey. Multivariate models were applied to adjust for potential confounding factors. The mean age of the participants was 35.2 years (SD 12.7). The majority of participants identified their dietary pattern as omnivorous (41.5%), followed by the Western diet (21.7%) and the Mediterranean diet (12.7%). Plant-based, vegan (β: 14.90; 95% CI: 9.75–20.05), and lacto egg (β: 12.08; 95% CI: 8.57–15.58) diets are significantly associated with a higher sustainability score compared to an omnivorous diet. In contrast, a Western diet is inversely associated (β: −5.63; 95% CI: −7.20 to −4.06). Finally, a vegan (Sub-score 1: β: 6.19; 95% CI: 4.43–7.96) diet is consistently associated with higher levels of sustainability in all areas assessed. In contrast, the Western diet shows a significant negative association with sustainability in all subcomponents assessed. Conclusions: Plant-based dietary patterns were shown to be associated with sustainable lifestyles, with the vegan diet having the greatest association, while the Western dietary pattern was inversely associated.
Association between low dairy consumption and determinants of health in Latin American university students: a multicenter study
(2025-06-12) Gajardo González, Diego; Gómez Salas, Georgina; Carpio Arias, Valeria; Landaeta Díaz, Leslie; Ríos Castillo, Israel; Parra Soto, Solange Liliana; Araneda Flores, Jacqueline Alejandra; Morales Illanes, Gladys Ruth; Meza Miranda, Eliana Romina; Núñez Martinez, Beatriz Elizabeth; Murillo Solis, Ana Gabriela; Cordón Arrivillaga, Karla Rosángel; Nava González, Edna Judith; Mauricio Alza, Saby Marisol; Bejarano Rocancio, Jhon; Cavagnari, Brian M.; Valenzuela, Rodrigo; Durán Agüero, Samuel
Objective: to associate low dairy consumption with determinants of health and the Human Development Index (HDIs) in Latin American university students.
Methods: a cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study in university students from eleven Latin American countries.
Results: the study included 4880 subjects. In all, 66 % of the sample consumed at least one serving of dairy products per day. A higher percentage of dairy consumers was observed among participants who are in the highest quartile of quality of life as compared to those in the lowest quartile (p < 0.001). Dairy consumption was positively associated with the consumption of breakfast (OR, 1.58; 95 % CI, 1.36-1.85), healthy dinner (OR, 1.16; 95 % CI, 1.01-1.32), fruits (OR, 1.77; 95 % CI, 1.53-2.05), vegetables (OR, 1.19; 95 % CI, 1.02-1.39), fish (OR: 1.37; 95 % CI, 1.36-1.85), whole-grain foods (OR, 1.72; 95 % CI, 1.49-1.98), and the practice of physical activity (OR, 1.16; 95 % CI, 1.01-1.34), and was negatively associated with the consumption of fried food (non-consumption) (OR, 0.72; 95 % CI, 0.58-0.90), junk food (OR, 0.78; 95 % CI, 0.63-0.96), sweet snacks (OR, 0.69; 95 % CI, 0.57-0.82), and alcohol (OR, 0.83; 95 % CI, 0.72-0.95). Furthermore, to reside in a country whose HDI is medium-high was found to be associated as a risk factor for non-compliance with the recommended intake of at least 3 servings of dairy per day, as compared to individuals from countries with very high HDIs (OR, 2.05; 95 % CI, 1.79-2.36). In addition, the results show that being female is a protective factor and is associated with the compliance of the consumption recommendation for dairy products (OR, 0.83; 95 % CI, 0.71-0.98). Conclusion: dairy consumption is related to better diet quality and higher levels of physical activity. Complying with the recommendation to consume 3 servings of dairy per day is associated with better quality of diet, stressing the importance of promoting dairy consumption.
Joint Association between Sedentary Time and Moderate-to-Vigorous physical activity with obesity risk in adults from Latin America
(2023-04-18) de Victo, Eduardo Rossato; Fisberg, Mauro; Solé, Dirceu; Kovalskys, Irina; Gómez Salas, Georgina; Rigotti, Attilio; Cortés Sanabria, Lilia Yadira; Yépez García, Martha Cecilia; Pareja Torres, Rossina Gabriella; Herrera Cuenca, Marianella; Drenowatz, Clemens; Destro Christófaro, Diego Giulliano; de Araújo, Timóteo Leandro; Rodrigues Pereira da Silva, Danilo; Moraes Ferrari, Gerson Luis
Recent studies have shown various relationships between physical activity and the incidence of obesity, but this study critically explored the association of sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with obesity risk in adults from eight Latin American countries. ST and MVPA were assessed with accelerometers and stratified into 16 joint categories. Multivariate logistic regression models were used. The obesity risk indicators evaluated were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and neck circumference (NC). Quartile 4 of ST and ≥300 min/week of MVPA was associated with lower odds of BMI compared to quartile 1 of ST and ≥300 min/week of MVPA. Quartile 1 of ST and 150–299 min/week of MVPA, quartile 1 of ST and 76–149 min/week MVPA, quartile 3 of ST and 76–149 min/week MVPA, and quartiles 1, 2, and 3 of ST with 0–74 min/week MVPA were associated with higher odds of high WC compared to quartile 1 of ST and ≥300 min/week of MVPA. Quartile 3 of ST and 150–299 min/week of MVPA, quartiles 1 and 3 of ST and 76–149 min/week of MVPA, and quartile 1 of ST and 0–74 min/week MVPA were associated with higher NC compared to quartile 1 of ST and ≥300 min/week of MVPA. This study suggests that achieving the MVPA recommendations will likely protect against obesity, regardless of ST.