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Propuesta de zonificación multi-riesgo aplicado en la gestión prospectiva de riesgo ante amenazas naturales y el ordenamiento territorial. Caso de estudio: Pérez Zeledón
(2026-07-08) Borbón Rivera, Jason; Barrantes Castillo, Gustavo
Para integrar la gestión del riesgo con el ordenamiento territorial se requieren modelos que evalúen espacialmente el riesgo a partir de sus componentes: amenaza y vulnerabilidad. No obstante, en Costa Rica y otros países de la región los marcos normativos vigentes, aunque promueven la evaluación multiamenaza, alcanzan únicamente la delimitación de las amenazas naturales individuales, primero sin un criterio de integración y segundo sin vincularse de alguna forma con el concepto de vulnerabilidad; por lo tanto, metodológicamente no alcanza a valorar la distribución espacial del riesgo. Además, la escasez de información detallada y el tiempo requerido para compilar bases de datos cantonales robustas dificultan los análisis probabilísticos, constituyendo una limitación adicional.
En este contexto, en años recientes han surgido investigaciones que proponen alternativas heurísticas, para evaluar la vulnerabilidad mediante indicadores asociados al uso y cobertura de la tierra pueden integrarse dentro del análisis multi-amenaza, permitiendo la zonificación espacial del riesgo en contextos con datos limitadosCon base es estas propuestas, este trabajo de investigación plantea una zonificación multi-riesgo que integra un modelo de multi-amenaza (MMA) con un indicador heurístico de vulnerabilidad (IHV) diseñado para para ser articulado con la normativa vigente en Costa Rica respecto con la variable ambiental en los Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT).
El modelo fue aplicado en el cantón de Pérez Zeledón utilizando como base los datos del gobierno local derivados de la propuesta de POT (2023). Los resultados incluyen la zonificación del riesgo ante procesos naturales (fallas, sismos, deslizamientos, licuefacción e inundaciones) clasificada en cinco categorías. El análisis reveló patrones de riesgo diferenciados por sectores: alta superposición de múltiples amenazas con pocos elementos expuestos en el norte; alta densidad de elementos vulnerables asociada a una amenaza predominante en el centro; y zonas de menor riesgo al norte y sur, donde la cobertura es conforme con su capacidad de uso.
“What a naughty little girl!” A cross-cultural comparison of emotion talk during booksharing in Costa Rican and German mother-child dyads
(2026) Carmiol Barboza, Ana María; Schröder, Lisa
Previous research showed that urban, educated Costa Rican mother–child dyads discuss emotions more frequently during booksharing than German dyads. This study further explored this difference by analyzing the use of specific types of emotional terms in booksharing conversations between mothers and their 4-year-old children in Costa Rica and Germany (n = 26 per group). Findings revealed that both groups referred to emotional states, emotional behaviors, and emotional-evaluative references similarly, reflecting a shared emphasis on psychological autonomy. However, only Costa Rican dyads frequently incorporated moral appraisals, specifying judgments about emotion regulation and expression of the characters in the book, highlighting the cultural value of hierarchical-relatedness alongside autonomy. These findings suggest that emotion talk during booksharing reflects distinct cultural models, with Costa Rican dyads integrating both autonomy and relatedness cultural values and German dyads focusing primarily on autonomy.
Emotion talk during reminiscing: A comparative study between mother-son and mother-daughter dyads from two different educational backgrounds in Costa Rica
(2025) Sáenz Cubillo, Nayuribe; Ríos Reyes, Marcela; Salazar Enríquez, Krissia; Carmiol Barboza, Ana María
Emotion talk promotes socioemotional development during the preschool years. This study explored emotion talk during reminiscing conversations of 64 Costa Rican dyads comprised of mothers and their 4-year-old. Three results are provided by this study. First, the causes, consequences, and resolutions of emotions were more frequently mentioned during discussions of negative emotional valence events than during discussions of positive emotional valence events. Second, dyads including mothers with low educational levels mentioned emotions in their conversations to a larger extent than dyads comprised of mothers with high educational levels. However, the depth with which emotions were discussed did not vary significantly between both groups. Third, no significant differences were found in the emotional content of the conversations with regard to the sex of the child. Results are discussed in light of their implications for understanding the socialization of emotions during early ages within the Costa Rican and Latin American context.
Contrasting reproductive and ecological traits affect the genetic diversity and fine-scale genetic structure of two sympatric and epiphytic tropical bromeliads
(2025-05-12) Huerta Fahara, Sofía; Cristóbal Pérez, Edson Jacob; Cascante Marín, Alfredo; Madrigal Brenes, Ruth; Fuchs Castillo, Eric J.; Quesada Avendaño, Mauricio
Tropical montane forests are highly diverse ecosystems with high levels of endemism. Within these habitats, epiphytic plants are among themost diverse and understudied species groups. Despite their diverse reproductive and ecological traits, their influence on genetic diversity andfine-scale genetic structure (FSGS) has rarely been studied. We assessed how reproductive and ecological traits affect genetic diversity and FSGSwithin and among phoropytes in two epiphytic bromeliads: Aechmea mariae-reginae, a dioecious, hummingbird-pollinated, and bird-dispersedspecies, and Werauhia ampla, a hermaphroditic, self-compatible, bat-pollinated, and wind-dispersed species. We collected leaf tissue from 93 A.mariae-reginae and 94 W. ampla individuals. We used eight microsatellite loci to describe genetic diversity, structure, and FSGS in both species.Genetic diversity was higher in A. mariae-reginae than in W. ampla. Genetic diversity was not affected by multilocus identical genotypes. Bothspecies showed low genetic structure among phorophytes. Significant FSGS was found in distance classes below 25 m in A. mariae-reginae, butno FSGS was found in W. ampla. The reproductive and breeding system of these species affects genetic diversity, with the dioecious and animalpollinated species having higher diversity estimates. Limited seed dispersal by social birds in A. mariae-reginae results in significant FSGS withinphorophytes. The absence of FSGS in W. ampla is due to extensive seed dispersal by wind.
A new species of understory palm of the genus Chamaedorea (Arecaceae: Arecoideae) from Costa Rica
(2020-03-16) Cascante Marín, Alfredo; Muller, Fred
Chamaedorea vanninii Cascante & Muller (Arecaceae, Chamaedoreeae) from the Central Pacific region of Costa Rica, Southern Central America, is described and illustrated. This new species is characterized by its orange ripe fruits with a conspicuous echinulate-medusoid epicarp. It is related to C. robertii which possesses black and smooth fruits. In addition, the androecium of staminate flowers of C. vanninii is composed of a single whorl of three stamens. This new species belongs to subgenus Chamaedoropsis and is provisionally considered as an endemic species and Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List criteria) because of its restricted geographic range and small population.