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Estrategia para el mejoramiento de la gestión y la competitividad empresarial mediante el uso de TIC: PYMEs de servicios odontológicos en Tres Ríos, Cartago
(2025-08-27) Álvarez Alpízar, Olman Cesar; Fernández Castro, Verni Gerardo
Este trabajo de investigación aplicada tiene como objetivo desarrollar una estrategia para el mejoramiento de la gestión y la competitividad empresarial en pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) del sector odontológico ubicadas en Tres Ríos, Cartago, mediante la integración de tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC). Para ello se aplicó una metodología de enfoque mixto, con recolección de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos, a partir de una encuesta estructurada aplicada a clínicas odontológicas de la zona.
Los hallazgos evidencian un bajo nivel de madurez digital en aspectos clave como la automatización de procesos, la ciberseguridad, el mercadeo digital y el uso de plataformas de ventas. Las principales barreras identificadas incluyen la falta de infraestructura tecnológica, ausencia de planificación estratégica digital, desconocimiento de herramientas digitales y limitaciones presupuestarias.
A partir del diagnóstico, se diseñó un plan estratégico segmentado según niveles de madurez digital (básico, intermedio y avanzado), el cual ofrece acciones concretas y adaptables, que las pymes pueden implementar progresivamente. Este plan busca optimizar procesos de mercadeo y ventas, mejorar la experiencia del cliente, fortalecer la presencia digital y aumentar la competitividad en un entorno empresarial cada vez más digitalizado.
Body fluid redistribution affects dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition scores
(2024-08) Moncada Jiménez, José; Carpio Rivera, Elizabeth; Chacón Araya, Yamileth
This study evaluated whether girths corrected for ultrasound-measured subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) better predict DXA-derived fat-free mass (FFM) than those corrected using skinfold thickness. Sixty university students underwent DXA scans and anthropometric assessments. Corrected girth methods (CGM) were calculated using both techniques. Regression models showed strong correlations between CGM and FFM for both methods, but ultrasound did not significantly improve prediction accuracy over skinfold-based corrections. These findings support the validity of both approaches, though further research is needed to assess their sensitivity to changes in FFM over time.
Changes in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition scores in females following exercise-induced body fluid redistribution
(2024-08) Chacón Araya, Yamileth; Carpio Rivera, Elizabeth; Moncada Jiménez, José
This study investigated changes in body composition measured by DXA in females after exercise-induced body fluid redistribution. Thirty participants completed upper-body, lower-body, and control sessions, with body composition assessed before and after. Significant but small changes were observed in fat tissue, lean mass, and total mass, particularly after upper-body exercise. The results showed high reliability across conditions, indicating that fluid shifts from exercise can influence DXA measurements. These findings are relevant for interpreting body composition data in active populations.
The role of physical activity, sedentary behavior and body composition in disease risk of university employees in Costa Rica
(2023-09) Rodríguez Hernández, Mynor Gerardo; Santamaría Guzman, Keven; Moncada Jiménez, José; Wadsworth, Danielle D.
This study examined the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, body composition, and energy balance in relation to non-communicable disease risk among university employees in Costa Rica. Seventy-five participants were assessed using body composition analysis, activity tracking, and dietary intake tools. Results showed high levels of sedentary behavior and energy imbalance, with predictive models indicating strong associations between these factors and increased risk for coronary disease, stroke, and diabetes. Findings highlight the need for targeted health interventions to promote physical activity and reduce disease risk in this population.
Acute insulin response following exercise and its association to lipid changes in sedentary African-American women
(2023-03-27) Alhassan, Sofiya; Taylor, James Kyle; Rentería, Iván; Gómez Miranda, Luis Mario; Moncada Jiménez, José; Grandjean, Peter Walker
Sedentary African-American (AA) women are at increased risk of hypertension, dyslipidemias, metabolic syndrome, and impaired insulin response to exercise. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on fasting serum insulin and glucose concentrations following 1464 kJ (350 kcal) of exercise and to determine if this response was associated with serum lipid concentrations in overweight AA women. Premenopausal AA women (n = 11, mean ± SD, age = 32.5 ± 4.8 yr., BMI = 29.8 ± 4.8 kg·m-2, % fat = 35.6 ± 6.3, VO2peak = 21.5 ± 3.6 ml·kg-1·min-1, total cholesterol = 4.8 ± 0.6 mmol·L-1, triglycerides = 0.60 ± 0.2 mmol·L-1, HDLC = 3.3 ± 0.5 mg·dL-1) performed 1464 kJ (350 kcal) of treadmill exercise at 60%-70%VO2peak. Fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were collected 24-h prior to, and immediately, 24-h, and 48 h following exercise. Fasting insulin concentration increased immediately following exercise (Baseline=77.1 ± 10.42 vs. Immediately=117.4 ± 15.28 μU·mL-1, 95%CI= 32.71, 47.89; P<0.05). The change in insulin concentration from 24-h pre- to 24-h post-exercise was correlated with BMI (r= 0.51), VO2peak (r= -0.47), and the change in lipoprotein lipase activity (r=0.37) (P<0.05 for all). In conclusion, in sedentary AA women, the insulin response immediately following exercise may be elevated, and is not suppressed below pre-exercise concentrations during the 48-h following exercise. The insulin response 24-h following exercise is modestly associated with markers of lipoprotein metabolism.