Pollination of slipper orchids (cypripedioideae): a review

Pemberton, Robert W.

dc.creator	Pemberton, Robert W.
dc.date	2013-08-11
dc.date.accessioned	2016-05-02T22:14:52Z
dc.date.available	2016-05-02T22:14:52Z
dc.identifier	http://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/lankesteriana/article/view/11539
dc.identifier	10.15517/lank.v0i0.11539
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10669/20996
dc.description	Cypripedioideae (five genera; ca. 176 species) are widespread in temperate and tropical Asia and America. About a quarter (42) of the species have been studied to determine their pollinators and/or breeding systems. All flowers are one-way traps pollinated by insects of particular types and size. Slipper orchids are selfcompatible and pollinated by deceit. Most Cypripedium species are pollinated by bees, whereas some smallerflowered species are pollinated by flies, and a few are pollinated by both. Most bee-pollinated Cypripedium species appear to be generalized food mimics. The fly-pollinated species have evolved diverse pollination systems that utilize a variety of flies as pollen vectors, including fruit flies, dung flies, and a fungal spore-eating hoverfly (Syrphidae). Most species of the tropical Asian Paphiopedilum and tropical American Phragmipedium are pollinated by hoverflies; flowers of many species in both genera have aphid-like spots that attract gravid female hoverflies that normally lay their eggs in aphid colonies. The more brightly colored Paphiopedilum micranthum and Phragmipedium besseae are pollinated by Hymenoptera. Autogamy is limited but occurs most frequently in Phragmipedium species. About two-thirds of the insect-pollinated slipper orchids (25/37) have evolved highly specialized flowers that are pollinated by a single pollinator or several pollinator species in the same genus. Species belonging to the same taxonomic section usually have the same pollination system. The deceit-pollination system of Cypripedioideae appears to have evolved early in diversification of Orchidaceae.	en-US
dc.description	Cypripedioideae (five genera; ca. 176 species) are widespread in temperate and tropical Asia and America. About a quarter (42) of the species have been studied to determine their pollinators and/or breeding systems. All flowers are one-way traps pollinated by insects of particular types and size. Slipper orchids are selfcompatible and pollinated by deceit. Most Cypripedium species are pollinated by bees, whereas some smallerflowered species are pollinated by flies, and a few are pollinated by both. Most bee-pollinated Cypripedium species appear to be generalized food mimics. The fly-pollinated species have evolved diverse pollination systems that utilize a variety of flies as pollen vectors, including fruit flies, dung flies, and a fungal spore-eating hoverfly (Syrphidae). Most species of the tropical Asian Paphiopedilum and tropical American Phragmipedium are pollinated by hoverflies; flowers of many species in both genera have aphid-like spots that attract gravid female hoverflies that normally lay their eggs in aphid colonies. The more brightly colored Paphiopedilum micranthum and Phragmipedium besseae are pollinated by Hymenoptera. Autogamy is limited but occurs most frequently in Phragmipedium species. About two-thirds of the insect-pollinated slipper orchids (25/37) have evolved highly specialized flowers that are pollinated by a single pollinator or several pollinator species in the same genus. Species belonging to the same taxonomic section usually have the same pollination system. The deceit-pollination system of Cypripedioideae appears to have evolved early in diversification of Orchidaceae.	es-ES
dc.format	application/pdf
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Universidad de Costa Rica	es-ES
dc.relation	Lankesteriana;
dc.rights	Copyright (c) 2014 Lankesteriana	es-ES
dc.source	Lankesteriana; Lankesteriana: Volumen 13, Número 1-2	es-ES
dc.source	2215-2067
dc.source	1409-3871
dc.subject	cypripedium	en-US
dc.subject	mexipedium	en-US
dc.subject	phragmipedium	en-US
dc.subject	paphiopedilum	en-US
dc.subject	selenipedium	en-US
dc.subject	cypripedium	es-ES
dc.subject	mexipedium	es-ES
dc.subject	phragmipedium	es-ES
dc.subject	paphiopedilum	es-ES
dc.subject	selenipedium	es-ES
dc.title	Pollination of slipper orchids (cypripedioideae): a review	en-US
dc.title	Pollination of slipper orchids (cypripedioideae): a review	es-ES
dc.type	artículo original

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