Prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica y pérdidas económicas asociadas al decomiso de hígados en tres mataderos de clase A de Costa Rica
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Rojas Araya, Diana
Cartín Ovares, José Andrés
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Abstract
Para estimar la prevalencia anual y mensual
de Fasciola hepatica y las pérdidas económicas
anuales asociadas al decomiso de hígados
por presencia del parásito, se analizaron los
registros del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería
de Costa Rica, Dirección de Inocuidad
de Productos de Origen Animal (DIPOA), para
el 2014, provenientes de 3 mataderos clase A
localizados en el área metropolitana de Costa
Rica; en estos mataderos se sacrificaron 249 108
reses, de las cuales 4547 hígados fueron decomisados
por presencia de F. hepatica en el órgano.
Las mayores prevalencias, entre 2,33 y 2,55%,
se presentaron en enero, febrero y marzo, y las
menores, entre 1,32 y 1,56%, durante agosto,
setiembre y octubre. La prevalencia anual según
estos registros fue 1,83% (IC 95%: 1,77-1,88). Las
pérdidas económicas asociadas al decomiso de
hígados fueron de 36.379.000 CRC, equivalentes
a 67.438 USD. Se resalta el perjuicio económico
de este parásito a nivel nacional y la utilidad del
decomiso y registro de vísceras afectadas en
los establecimientos de sacrificio de bovinos,
como herramienta diagnóstica para la vigilancia
epidemiológica, disponible para conocer sobre el
estado de esta parasitosis. Como alternativas de
control y prevención de la enfermedad, se plantea considerar las condiciones específicas de las
regiones afectadas y así controlar esta parasitosis
con un manejo integral, que involucre la fuente
de alimento, desparasitación regular del ganado,
con registro y monitoreo farmacológico de las
drogas utilizadas, y saneamiento ambiental en
fincas afectadas.
Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and financial losses due to liver discards at three class A abattoirs in Costa Rica. In order to estimate the annual and monthly prevalence of F. hepatica and the yearly economic losses associated with liver discards due to the presence of this parasite, the records of 2014 generated by the Direction of Safety of Products of Animal Origin (DIPOA), of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock from 3 slaughterhouses located in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica, were analyzed. In 3 class A slaughterhouses, a total of 249 108 cattle were sacrificed in 2014, from which 4547 livers were discarded due to presence of F. hepatica in them. The highest prevalences, 2.33 to 2.55%, occurred in January, February and March, while the lowest, 1.32 to 1.56%, in August, September and October. The annual prevalence shown by these records was 1.83% (CI 95%: 1.77- 1.88). The economic losses associated with seizure of livers were 36.379.000 CRC, equivalent to 67.438 USD. The negative economic effect of this parasite in the country is stressed in this research and the usefulness of liver discards and registration at bovine slaughter establishments has proven a valid diagnostic tool for epidemiological surveillance, available to determine the status of this parasitic disease. As alternatives for the control and prevention of F. hepatica, it is advisable to consider the specific conditions of the regions affected and thus control this parasitosis through integrated management, involving the food source and regular deworming of livestock, with registration and monitoring of drugs used for de-worming, and environmental sanitation at affected farms.
Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and financial losses due to liver discards at three class A abattoirs in Costa Rica. In order to estimate the annual and monthly prevalence of F. hepatica and the yearly economic losses associated with liver discards due to the presence of this parasite, the records of 2014 generated by the Direction of Safety of Products of Animal Origin (DIPOA), of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock from 3 slaughterhouses located in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica, were analyzed. In 3 class A slaughterhouses, a total of 249 108 cattle were sacrificed in 2014, from which 4547 livers were discarded due to presence of F. hepatica in them. The highest prevalences, 2.33 to 2.55%, occurred in January, February and March, while the lowest, 1.32 to 1.56%, in August, September and October. The annual prevalence shown by these records was 1.83% (CI 95%: 1.77- 1.88). The economic losses associated with seizure of livers were 36.379.000 CRC, equivalent to 67.438 USD. The negative economic effect of this parasite in the country is stressed in this research and the usefulness of liver discards and registration at bovine slaughter establishments has proven a valid diagnostic tool for epidemiological surveillance, available to determine the status of this parasitic disease. As alternatives for the control and prevention of F. hepatica, it is advisable to consider the specific conditions of the regions affected and thus control this parasitosis through integrated management, involving the food source and regular deworming of livestock, with registration and monitoring of drugs used for de-worming, and environmental sanitation at affected farms.
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Vigilancia epidemiológica, Parasitología, Trematodos, Ganadería, Diagnóstico
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http://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agrocost/article/view/27366
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