Estado inmunológico de terneras y terneros de lechería en la región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica. Año I
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Sánchez Salas, Jeffry Gerardo
Elizondo Salazar, Jorge Alberto
Arroyo Quesada, Geovanny
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Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una caracterización del estado inmunológico de terneras y terneros de lechería en la región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica. Para fines del presente estudio, se consideró una falla en la adquisición de inmunidad pasiva cuando la concentración de PST fue menor a 5,5 g/dl. La concentración de PST varió entre 2,8 y 11,0 g/dl, con un contenido promedio general de 6,2 g/dl. De todos los animales evaluados un 31,8% presentaron niveles inadecuados de inmunidad. Cuando se considera el sexo de la cría, el 31,4% de las hembras y el 35,3% de los machos obtuvieron niveles inadecuados de inmunidad y la concentración de PST presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa para hembras y machos (6,2 y 5,9 g/dl, respectivamente). Los animales provenientes del cruce Holstein x Jersey obtuvieron una concentración significativamente mayor a los de la raza Holstein. Las crías de novillas de primer parto presentaron concentraciones de PST de 6,3 g/dl y por ende la menor proporción de terneros con niveles inadecuados de inmunidad. La concentración de PST no varió significativamente entre los terneros que permanecieron con la madre y los que fueron alimentados con chupón; sin embargo, la proporción de animales con niveles inadecuados de inmunidad fue mayor cuando éstos permanecieron con la madre (34,1% vs. 29,3%). Es necesario establecer prácticas de manejo del calostro que permitan minimizar el riesgo de terneros con una transferencia de inmunidad pasiva inadecuada en hatos lecheros de la región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica.
The objective of this study was to characterize the immune status of dairy calves in the Northern Plains of Costa Rica. For the purpose of this study, failure of passive immunity was considered when TSP concentration was less than 5.5 g/dl. TSP concentration ranged from 2.8 to 11.0, with an overall mean of 6.2 g/dl. Of all the animals evaluated, 31.8% had failure of passive transfer. When considering sex of the calves, 31.4% of females and 25.3% of males failed to obtain adequate levels of immunity and concentration of TSP showed significant differences (6.2 vs. 5.9 g/dl, respectively). Calves born to Holstein x Jersey crosses had significant higher TSP concentrations than calves born to Holstein dams. When considering calving of the dam, offsprings born to first time heifers TSP concentrations of 6.3 g/dl and showed the lowest percentage of animals with inadequate transfer of immunity. TSP showed no significant differences for method of colostrum feeding; however, calves that suckled colostrum showed a higher proportion of animals with inadequate passive transfer when compared to calves that received colostrum by bottle (34.1 vs. 29.3%). Colostrum management practices should be placed in order to minimize the risk of failure of passive transfer in dairy herds in the Northern Plains of Costa Rica.
The objective of this study was to characterize the immune status of dairy calves in the Northern Plains of Costa Rica. For the purpose of this study, failure of passive immunity was considered when TSP concentration was less than 5.5 g/dl. TSP concentration ranged from 2.8 to 11.0, with an overall mean of 6.2 g/dl. Of all the animals evaluated, 31.8% had failure of passive transfer. When considering sex of the calves, 31.4% of females and 25.3% of males failed to obtain adequate levels of immunity and concentration of TSP showed significant differences (6.2 vs. 5.9 g/dl, respectively). Calves born to Holstein x Jersey crosses had significant higher TSP concentrations than calves born to Holstein dams. When considering calving of the dam, offsprings born to first time heifers TSP concentrations of 6.3 g/dl and showed the lowest percentage of animals with inadequate transfer of immunity. TSP showed no significant differences for method of colostrum feeding; however, calves that suckled colostrum showed a higher proportion of animals with inadequate passive transfer when compared to calves that received colostrum by bottle (34.1 vs. 29.3%). Colostrum management practices should be placed in order to minimize the risk of failure of passive transfer in dairy herds in the Northern Plains of Costa Rica.
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Proteína sérica total, Inmunoglobulinas, Inmunidad pasiva, Ganado de leche, Total serum protein, Immunoglobulins, Passive immunity, Dairy cattle