Resistencia antimicrobiana de Neisseria Gonorrhoeae y perfil de resistencia en cepas costarricenses en San José, Costa Rica en el periodo de 2022 y 2023
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La gonorrea es una infección de transmisión sexual que representa un problema de salud pública debido a la alarmante cantidad de casos que se reportan cada año a nivel mundial y a la creciente baja en su sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos usados para tratamiento. La OMS estimó que, en 2020, hubo 82,4 millones de nuevas infecciones por N. gonorrhoeae en adultos de 15 a 49 años. En muchos entornos de atención primaria de salud no se dispone de capacidad diagnóstica para detectar la infección por N. gonorrhoeae. Usualmente mediante técnicas de microscopía, bioquímica o moleculares se llega a detectar el agente causal, más no su perfil de sensibilidad a los principales antimicrobianos. El aumento en la resistencia a los antimicrobianos del gonococo durante los últimos años ha limitado las opciones terapéuticas para esta infección. Por ejemplo, en algunos países la resistencia a ciprofloxacina es alta y empiezan a aparecer resistencias a azitromicina, cefixima y ceftriaxona. Ante la crítica situación, la OMS ha establecido objetivos para reducir la incidencia de la infección por N. gonorrhoeae. Está sumando esfuerzos con los países para mejorar la detección de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos a través de diferentes programas, que incluyen el uso de mejores sistemas de vigilancia y orientar un tratamiento adecuado a nivel local. El registro y revisión de perfiles de resistencia para esta bacteria de aislamientos obtenidos a nivel local cobra importancia para la vigilancia epidemiológica nacional y mundial.
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection that stands for a public health problem due to the alarming number of cases reported each year worldwide and the increasing resistance to antimicrobials used for treatment. The WHO estimated that, in 2020, there were 82.4 million new N. gonorrhoeae infections in adults aged 15 to 49 years. In many primary health care settings, there is no diagnostic ability to detect N. gonorrhoeae infection. Microscopy, biochemical or molecular techniques are usually used to detect the causative agent, but not its sensitivity profile to the main antimicrobials. The increase in antimicrobial resistance of gonococcus in recent years has limited therapeutic options for this infection. For example, in some countries, resistance to ciprofloxacin is high and resistance to azithromycin, cefixime and ceftriaxone is beginning to appear. Considering the critical situation, WHO has set goals to reduce the incidence of N. gonorrhoeae infection. It is joining forces with countries to improve the detection of antimicrobial resistance through different programs, which include the use of better surveillance systems and the provision of appropriate treatment at the local level. The registration and review of resistance profiles for this bacterium from isolates obtained at the local level is important for national and global epidemiological surveillance.
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection that stands for a public health problem due to the alarming number of cases reported each year worldwide and the increasing resistance to antimicrobials used for treatment. The WHO estimated that, in 2020, there were 82.4 million new N. gonorrhoeae infections in adults aged 15 to 49 years. In many primary health care settings, there is no diagnostic ability to detect N. gonorrhoeae infection. Microscopy, biochemical or molecular techniques are usually used to detect the causative agent, but not its sensitivity profile to the main antimicrobials. The increase in antimicrobial resistance of gonococcus in recent years has limited therapeutic options for this infection. For example, in some countries, resistance to ciprofloxacin is high and resistance to azithromycin, cefixime and ceftriaxone is beginning to appear. Considering the critical situation, WHO has set goals to reduce the incidence of N. gonorrhoeae infection. It is joining forces with countries to improve the detection of antimicrobial resistance through different programs, which include the use of better surveillance systems and the provision of appropriate treatment at the local level. The registration and review of resistance profiles for this bacterium from isolates obtained at the local level is important for national and global epidemiological surveillance.
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resistencia antimicrobiana, Neisseria gonhorroeae, Costa Rica, infección de transmisión sexual