El injerto: alternativa de propagación vegetativa en el cultivo de la uva (Vitis vinifera) en Costa Rica
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Authors
Loría Quirós, Carlos Luis
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Publisher
Universidad de Costa Rica
Abstract
Comercialmente la uva se propaga asexualmente, garantizando: uniformidad génetica, facilidad de multiplicación y reducción de costos. Como métodos de propagación asexual se utilizan estacas individuales o la combinación de estas por medio de diferentes técnicas de injertación. Basándose en observaciones realizadas en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit, se encontró que el método de combinación de estacas presentó ventajas sobre el uso de estacas individuales. Entre estas ventajas está la presencia de dos variedades y reproducir las características deseadas de cada una de ellas en la nueva planta. Dependiendo de las variedades injertadas la nueva planta podría producir mejor calidad de fruto con mayor producción de raíces, o mayor vigor con resistencia a enfermedades y plagas entre otras. El tipo de injerto de hendidura terminal, es el que ha mostrado mayor prendimiento dado que se garantiza que llegará a brotar al menos una de las tres yemas presentes, contrario al injerto de yema en escudete, donde se tiene una sola yema.
Commercially, the grape plant is propagated mostly asexually, garanteeing genetic uniformity, rapid multiplication, and costs reduction. Combination of cuttings through grafting techniques, as well as individual cuttings are used as asexual propagation methods. Based on observations made at Fabio Baudrit Experimental Station, the cutting combination method presented advantages over individual cuttings, such as the possibility to combine two diferent varieties and reproduce the desirable characteristics of each one in the new plant. Depending on which varieties are grafted, the grafted plant can bear better quality fruits, produce more roots, or show higher vigor and resistance to diseases and pests, among others. The terminal grafting technique exhibited higher success rate because at least one of the three buds grafted will sprout with time, in contrast to the bud shield grafting, which has only one bud.
Commercially, the grape plant is propagated mostly asexually, garanteeing genetic uniformity, rapid multiplication, and costs reduction. Combination of cuttings through grafting techniques, as well as individual cuttings are used as asexual propagation methods. Based on observations made at Fabio Baudrit Experimental Station, the cutting combination method presented advantages over individual cuttings, such as the possibility to combine two diferent varieties and reproduce the desirable characteristics of each one in the new plant. Depending on which varieties are grafted, the grafted plant can bear better quality fruits, produce more roots, or show higher vigor and resistance to diseases and pests, among others. The terminal grafting technique exhibited higher success rate because at least one of the three buds grafted will sprout with time, in contrast to the bud shield grafting, which has only one bud.
Description
Información Técnica
Keywords
Injertación, propagación asexual, uva, uniformidad genética, Vitis vinifera, Grafting, asexual propagation, grape, genetic uniformity, Vitis vinifera