Fertilidad química de suelos en fincas de ganado lechero ubicadas en la Cordillera Volcánica de Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Fecha
2015-12
Autores
Saborío Montero, Alejandro
Marín Taylor, Osvaldo
Arguedas Sánchez, Randall
Ramírez Fallas, Sinaí Mariela
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la fertilidad de los suelos de fincas lecheras de cuatro zonas de la Cordillera Volcánica de Guanacaste. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante un periodo de dos años (2009-2010) en fincas de Guayabo (Bagaces) y Nubes, San Ramón y Florida (Quebrada Grande, Tilarán). Un total de 40 muestras de suelo fueron recolectadas, cada una se conformó por 20 sub-muestras. Los resultados revelaron que el pH de los suelos de Guayabo tendieron a ser más bajos (p=0,0539) que los de Nubes, San Ramón y Florida. Los suelos de Guayabo presentaron mayores concentraciones (p<0,01) de magnesio (Mg), cobre (Cu), hierro (Fe) y manganeso (Mn) que los de las tres zonas de Tilarán. Los suelos de Guayabo y San Ramón mostraron mayor capacidad de intercambio catiónica efectiva (CICE) (p<0,01) que los suelos de Nubes y Florida. Según los niveles críticos generales para la solución extractora utilizada, ninguno de los suelos de las zonas analizadas alcanzó un pH mayor a 5,5, los suelos de Tilarán y Guayabo fueron deficientes de Mg y P respectivamente y ninguna zona fue deficiente en Zn, Cu, Fe y Mn. Estos resultados revelaron que los suelos de todas las zonas tuvieron alguna deficiencia mineral y valores bajos de pH, por lo tanto se deben aplicar fertilizantes y enmiendas acordes con las necesidades nutricionales de cada finca. Una nutrición adecuada de los suelos podría mejorar la productividad de forraje y permitir una mayor capacidad de carga animal por unidad de área.
The aim of this research was to determine the fertility of soils of dairy farms at four zones of the Guanacaste volcanic mountain range. The study was conducted during a two-year period (2009-2010) in farms of Guayabo (Bagaces) and Nubes, San Ramón and Florida (Quebrada Grande, Tilarán). A total of 40 soil samples were collected, each one was composed by 20 subsamples. The results revealed that soil pH in Guayabo tended to be lower (p=0.0539) than in Nubes, San Ramón and Florida. Guayabo soils showed higher concentrations (p<0.01) of magnesium (Mg), cupper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) than the soils of the three zones of Tilarán. The soils of Guayabo and San Ramón showed higher values of effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (p<0.01) than Nubes and Florida soils. According to the general critical levels for the extracting solution used, none of the soils of the analyzed zones reach a pH higher than 5.5, the Tilarán and Guayabo soils were deficient in Mg and P respectively and no zone was deficient in Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn. These results revealed that the soils of all the zones had some mineral deficiency and low values of pH, therefore fertilizers and amendments should be applied according to nutritional needs of each farm. Adequate soil nutrition could improve productivity of forage and allowed a higher animal charge capacity per unit of area.
The aim of this research was to determine the fertility of soils of dairy farms at four zones of the Guanacaste volcanic mountain range. The study was conducted during a two-year period (2009-2010) in farms of Guayabo (Bagaces) and Nubes, San Ramón and Florida (Quebrada Grande, Tilarán). A total of 40 soil samples were collected, each one was composed by 20 subsamples. The results revealed that soil pH in Guayabo tended to be lower (p=0.0539) than in Nubes, San Ramón and Florida. Guayabo soils showed higher concentrations (p<0.01) of magnesium (Mg), cupper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) than the soils of the three zones of Tilarán. The soils of Guayabo and San Ramón showed higher values of effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (p<0.01) than Nubes and Florida soils. According to the general critical levels for the extracting solution used, none of the soils of the analyzed zones reach a pH higher than 5.5, the Tilarán and Guayabo soils were deficient in Mg and P respectively and no zone was deficient in Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn. These results revealed that the soils of all the zones had some mineral deficiency and low values of pH, therefore fertilizers and amendments should be applied according to nutritional needs of each farm. Adequate soil nutrition could improve productivity of forage and allowed a higher animal charge capacity per unit of area.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Análisis de suelos, FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO, Fincas lecheras, Pastos, Soil analysis, FERTILITY, Dairy farms, Grasses
Citación
https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42662015000200157