Análisis de los procesos asociados a la gestión curricular que se desarrolla en los Centros Educativos de los Circuitos 06 y 07 de la Dirección Regional de Educación Santa Cruz y el impacto que producen en la sobrecarga laboral
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La investigación analizó los procesos asociados a la gestión curricular y su incidencia en la sobrecarga laboral de las personas directoras de centros educativos de primaria con direcciones 2, 3 y 4 y secundaria de los circuitos 06 y 07 de la Dirección Regional de Educación de Santa Cruz. El objetivo general fue identificar las tareas que más afectaban la labor directiva y proponer estrategias innovadoras para optimizar su gestión. El estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque mixto, mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios a diez personas directoras, entrevistas semiestructuradas a las personas supervisoras y la revisión documental de normativa institucional. La triangulación de estas técnicas permitió contrastar percepciones y prácticas, garantizando la validez y confiabilidad de los resultados. Los hallazgos mostraron que, si bien existía una sobrecarga laboral evidente, contrario al supuesto inicial esta no provenía principalmente de la gestión curricular. Las funciones administrativas, la atención a múltiples comités, la elaboración reiterada de informes y la organización de actividades extracurriculares resultaron ser las tareas más demandantes. Este panorama desplazó el rol pedagógico del director, reduciendo significativamente el tiempo destinado al acompañamiento docente y debilitando la gestión curricular, lo cual se convirtió en la nueva preocupación central revelada por el estudio. Las consecuencias se evidenciaron tanto en el plano personal, con altos niveles de estrés, fatiga y desmotivación profesional, como en el institucional, con una supervisión pedagógica limitada y un impacto negativo en la calidad educativa. La coincidencia entre personas directoras y supervisoras confirmó que la sobrecarga laboral respondía a una condición estructural del sistema educativo costarricense. Como aporte innovador, la investigación propuso una guía para el uso de inteligencia artificial generativa en la gestión escolar, con el fin de disminuir la carga burocrática a través de la automatización de tareas repetitivas y la sistematización de información. Este instrumento buscaba devolver a la persona directora el tiempo necesario para fortalecer el liderazgo pedagógico y asegurar que la gestión curricular recuperara el lugar que le corresponde como eje central de la calidad educativa.
This research analyzed the processes associated with curricular management and their incidence in the work overload of principals from primary schools with technical categories and secondary institutions in Circuits 06 and 07 of the Santa Cruz Regional Education Directorate. The general objective was to identify the tasks that most affected school leadership and to propose innovative strategies to optimize their management. The study was conducted under a mixed-methods approach, applying questionnaires to ten principals, conducting semi-structured interviews with supervisors, and reviewing institutional regulations and guidelines. The triangulation of these techniques allowed for the contrast of perceptions and practices, thereby strengthening the validity and reliability of the findings. The results revealed that, although work overload was evident, contrary to the initial assumption, curricular management was not the main source. Instead, administrative tasks, the attention to multiple committees, the repeated preparation of reports, and the organization of extracurricular activities emerged as the most demanding factors. This accumulation of responsibilities displaced the pedagogical role of principals, significantly reducing the time devoted to teacher support and weakening curricular management, which became the central concern highlighted by the study. The consequences were evident both personally, with high levels of stress, fatigue, and professional demotivation, and institutionally, with reduced pedagogical supervision and a negative impact on educational quality. The convergence between the perceptions of principals and supervisors confirmed that work overload represented a structural condition of the Costa Rican educational system. As an innovative contribution, the study proposed a guide for the use of generative artificial intelligence in school management, aimed at reducing bureaucratic burdens through the automation of repetitive tasks and the systematization of information. This tool was designed to restore the necessary time for principals to strengthen pedagogical leadership and ensure that curricular management regained its central role in educational quality.
This research analyzed the processes associated with curricular management and their incidence in the work overload of principals from primary schools with technical categories and secondary institutions in Circuits 06 and 07 of the Santa Cruz Regional Education Directorate. The general objective was to identify the tasks that most affected school leadership and to propose innovative strategies to optimize their management. The study was conducted under a mixed-methods approach, applying questionnaires to ten principals, conducting semi-structured interviews with supervisors, and reviewing institutional regulations and guidelines. The triangulation of these techniques allowed for the contrast of perceptions and practices, thereby strengthening the validity and reliability of the findings. The results revealed that, although work overload was evident, contrary to the initial assumption, curricular management was not the main source. Instead, administrative tasks, the attention to multiple committees, the repeated preparation of reports, and the organization of extracurricular activities emerged as the most demanding factors. This accumulation of responsibilities displaced the pedagogical role of principals, significantly reducing the time devoted to teacher support and weakening curricular management, which became the central concern highlighted by the study. The consequences were evident both personally, with high levels of stress, fatigue, and professional demotivation, and institutionally, with reduced pedagogical supervision and a negative impact on educational quality. The convergence between the perceptions of principals and supervisors confirmed that work overload represented a structural condition of the Costa Rican educational system. As an innovative contribution, the study proposed a guide for the use of generative artificial intelligence in school management, aimed at reducing bureaucratic burdens through the automation of repetitive tasks and the systematization of information. This tool was designed to restore the necessary time for principals to strengthen pedagogical leadership and ensure that curricular management regained its central role in educational quality.
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Gestión curricular, sobrecarga laboral, administración educativa, liderazgo pedagógico, inteligencia artificial generativa, gestión escolar, Dirección escolar, calidad educativa, gestión educativa, automatización de tareas
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