Inventario de Humedales para Protección Costera (IHPC): una herramienta para la gestión costera en Costa Rica
Fecha
2022-05-24
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Calleja Apéstegui, Felipe
López Arias, Luis Fernando
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ISSN de la revista
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Resumen
Costa Rica cuenta con aproximadamente 1 500 km de costa en los cuales se localizan humedales que ofrecen una gran variedad de servicios ecosistémicos, entre ellos, la protección costera. La cuantificación de este servicio requiere investigación en estos humedales, siendo necesario tener un inventario que ofrezca tanto su localización como sus características físicas y las de su entorno. Este tipo de inventario no existe específicamente para los humedales costeros del país, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo es generar la primera versión de un inventario de humedales que ofrecen protección costera en Costa Rica. Se tomó como base el Inventario Nacional de Humedales (INH) y una cartografía de manglares del año 2005. Los humedales costeros no incluidos en esas fuentes fueron identificados con un procedimiento semiautomático, analizando índices de vegetación derivados de imágenes del satélite Sentinel 2 y una delimitación manual basada en ortofotos del año 2017. El nuevo inventario consiste en 464 humedales costeros de los cuales 180 son zonas nuevas no incluidas en el INH. A estas se les incluyó la información contenida en el INH, de forma que ambas fuentes de información sean compatibles. Unido a esto, se caracterizaron, en los 464 humedales, algunas condiciones naturales y antrópicas que podrían afectar posibles investigaciones relacionadas a la protección costera. El resultado es una base de datos geográfica, accesible a todo público, con la localización y caracterización general de los humedales, que podría usarse en investigaciones tanto de protección costera como del ámbito costero en general.
Costa Rica has approximately 1 500 km of coastline, with wetlands that offer a wide variety of ecosystem services, including coastal protection. The quantification of this service requires research in these wetlands, and for this, it is necessary to gather them in an inventory that includes their localization and basic characteristics. This type of inventory does not exist specifically for coastal wetlands in Costa Rica. Thus, the objective of this research is to create the first version of an inventory of wetlands that offers coastal protection in the country. The National Wetland Inventory (INH), and a 2005 mangrove cartography were used as the starting point. The coastal wetlands that were not included in these two sources were identified with a semi-automatic procedure, based on the analysis of vegetation indexes derived from a Sentinel 2 satellite image, and a manual delimitation using an orthophoto of 2017. The new inventory includes 464 coastal wetlands, from which 180 are not included in the INH. These new areas were characterized with the same information included in the INH to assure the compatibility between both databases. In addition, all 464 wetlands were characterized with some of the natural and anthropic conditions that might affect future research related to coastal protection. The result is a free access geographic database that includes the localization and general characteristics of the Costa Rican wetlands that offer coastal protection and could be used in future research not only in this topic, but in coastal studies in general.
Costa Rica has approximately 1 500 km of coastline, with wetlands that offer a wide variety of ecosystem services, including coastal protection. The quantification of this service requires research in these wetlands, and for this, it is necessary to gather them in an inventory that includes their localization and basic characteristics. This type of inventory does not exist specifically for coastal wetlands in Costa Rica. Thus, the objective of this research is to create the first version of an inventory of wetlands that offers coastal protection in the country. The National Wetland Inventory (INH), and a 2005 mangrove cartography were used as the starting point. The coastal wetlands that were not included in these two sources were identified with a semi-automatic procedure, based on the analysis of vegetation indexes derived from a Sentinel 2 satellite image, and a manual delimitation using an orthophoto of 2017. The new inventory includes 464 coastal wetlands, from which 180 are not included in the INH. These new areas were characterized with the same information included in the INH to assure the compatibility between both databases. In addition, all 464 wetlands were characterized with some of the natural and anthropic conditions that might affect future research related to coastal protection. The result is a free access geographic database that includes the localization and general characteristics of the Costa Rican wetlands that offer coastal protection and could be used in future research not only in this topic, but in coastal studies in general.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Base de datos, Manglares, Servicios ecosistémicos, Sistema de información geográfica, Teledetección, Database, Ecosystem services, Geographic information systems, Mangroves, Remote sensing