Estudio del perfil de Polifenoles en granos de variedades de frijol costarriense común (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) con potencial antifúngico y antimicotoxigénico
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Abstract
El impacto de la contaminación por micotoxinas en la seguridad alimentaria resalta la necesidad urgente de estrategias innovadoras para controlar la incidencia de estas toxinas en los sistemas alimentarios. En este sentido, uno de los enfoques más promisorios corresponde con la exploración de factores naturales de resistencia presente en los cultivos, entre ellos los polifenoles.
Bajo esta premisa, es que este estudio reporta el primer perfilado de polifenoles en diferentes variedades de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), combinando análisis metabolómicos dirigidos y no dirigidos. Además, presenta la evaluación del potencial antifúngico y antimicotoxigénico de extractos ricos en polifenoles contra las especies toxigénicas Fusarium verticillioides y Aspergillus flavus. Adicionalmente, se presenta la primera aplicación de fraccionamiento guiado por actividad biológica en extractos de variedades promisorias de frijol común con efectos antimicotoxigénicos.
La estrategia de investigación permitió identificar a los flavonoides, isoflavonoides y ácidos fenólicos como los principales polifenoles, observándose que, tanto en extractos crudos como en fracciones específicas, exhiben bioactividad correlacionada con sus perfiles de compuestos. El fraccionamiento posibilitó, además, la identificación de ocho aductos asociados preliminarmente a un mismo compuesto, el cual corresponde a un polifenol característicos de la familia Fabaceae con similitudes estructurales a derivados del ácido cinámico, lo que sugiere su posible contribución a la bioactividad observada.
Este trabajo, además de ratificar el valor nutricional y funcional del frijol común, demuestra el potencial de sus polifenoles como agentes naturales para el control de micotoxinas, ofreciendo indicios para el desarrollo de variedades mejoradas y haciendo aportes sustanciales para los esfuerzos enfocados en el establecimiento de sistemas alimentarios más seguros.
The impact of mycotoxin contamination on food security reveals the urgent need for innovative strategies to reduce their incidence in food systems. One of the most promising approaches involves exploring natural resistance factors in crops, particularly polyphenols. Based on this premise, the present study reports the first polyphenolic profiling of different common bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by combining targeted and untargeted metabolomic analyses. It also evaluates the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic potential of polyphenol-rich extracts against the toxigenic species Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus. Additionally, it presents the first application of activity-guided fractionation of extracts from promising common bean varieties with demonstrated antimycotoxigenic activity. The research strategy enabled the identification of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and phenolic acids as the main polyphenols, revealing that both crude extracts and specific fractions exhibit bioactivity correlated with their compound profiles. The activity-guided fractionation led to the identification of eight adducts preliminarily associated with a single compound, corresponding to a polyphenol characteristic of the Fabaceae family and structurally related to cinnamic acid derivatives, suggesting its potential contribution to the observed activity. Overall, this work not only reinforces the nutritional and functional value of common bean but also highlights the potential of its polyphenols as natural agents for mycotoxin control, providing valuable insights for the development of improved varieties and contributing to the establishment of safer food systems.
The impact of mycotoxin contamination on food security reveals the urgent need for innovative strategies to reduce their incidence in food systems. One of the most promising approaches involves exploring natural resistance factors in crops, particularly polyphenols. Based on this premise, the present study reports the first polyphenolic profiling of different common bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by combining targeted and untargeted metabolomic analyses. It also evaluates the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic potential of polyphenol-rich extracts against the toxigenic species Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus. Additionally, it presents the first application of activity-guided fractionation of extracts from promising common bean varieties with demonstrated antimycotoxigenic activity. The research strategy enabled the identification of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and phenolic acids as the main polyphenols, revealing that both crude extracts and specific fractions exhibit bioactivity correlated with their compound profiles. The activity-guided fractionation led to the identification of eight adducts preliminarily associated with a single compound, corresponding to a polyphenol characteristic of the Fabaceae family and structurally related to cinnamic acid derivatives, suggesting its potential contribution to the observed activity. Overall, this work not only reinforces the nutritional and functional value of common bean but also highlights the potential of its polyphenols as natural agents for mycotoxin control, providing valuable insights for the development of improved varieties and contributing to the establishment of safer food systems.
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Polifenoles, Valor Nuticional, Frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Seguridad alimentaria, Producción Agrícola