Propuesta de Rutas Inteligentes para los Centros de Procesamiento y Mercadeo de Alimentos (Cepromas) de las Zonas de Guatuso y Upala, Costa Rica
Fecha
2018
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Barboza Navarro, David
González Blanco, Carlos
Montero Solís, Nataly
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Resumen
Los Centros de Procesamiento y Mercadeo de Alimentos (Cepromas) fueron creados en el 2008 por el Gobierno de la República de Costa Rica en zonas de alta vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y son administrados por organizaciones de pequeños productores. Estos tienen el propósito de mejorar la economía rural campesina y la disponibilidad de alimentos básicos, además de desarrollar ideas innovadoras.
Existen al menos siete Cepromas que procesan frijol, ubicados en la Zona Norte, Zona Sur y Región Chorotega; siendo la primera, la zona de mayor producción a nivel nacional. Por lo anterior, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es determinar un sistema de rutas inteligentes de transporte para que los Cepromas de San Blas, La Palmera y Llano Bonito, ubicados en la Zona Norte, puedan convertirse en un ente comercializador de frijol 100% costarricense en diferentes mercados del país.
Para definir las rutas de menor costo entre los centros de procesamiento y los mercados de destino, se implementó el Método de Aproximación de Vogel, basado en los principios de programación lineal. Además, se estimó la demanda y la oferta respectiva para los mercados de interés y los Cepromas.
Entre los resultados obtenidos se identificó la necesidad para los Cepromas de interés de comprar frijol a Cepromas de la Zona Sur, con el fin de evitar un desabastecimiento de los mercados potenciales cuando la Zona Norte no está en época de producción. También, se determinaron las inversiones necesarias en vehículos para transporte del producto y se estimaron costos de transporte que varían entre ₡6.974 y ₡17.378 por tonelada, dependiendo de la época.
Food Processing and Marketing Centers (Cepromas) were created in 2008 by the Costa Rican Government in areas of high socioeconomic vulnerability and are managed by small producer’s organizations; with the main purpose of improving rural economy and food availability, in addition of developing innovative ideas. There are at least seven Cepromas that process beans in Costa Rica, located in the North Area, the South Area and the Chorotega Region, being the North Area the one with the biggest harvest nationwide. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine a system of smart transportation routes, where the Cepromas of San Blas, La Palmera and Llano Bonito become a single processing and distribution company of 100% Costa Rican beans in different markets around the country. To define the lowest cost routes between the processing centers and the target markets, the Vogel Approach Method was implemented, based on the principles of linear programming; in addition, the respective potential demand from the markets of interest and the potential supply by Cepromas were estimated. Among the results obtained, the need to buy beans from Cepromas of the Southern Zone by the Cepromas of the Northern Zone in order to avoid a shortage when the province of Alajuela is not in production season was identified and labeled as a very important factor; in addition, the necessary investments in vehicles for transportation were determined and transporting costs were estimated ranging between ₡6,974 and ₡17,378 per ton depending on the season.
Food Processing and Marketing Centers (Cepromas) were created in 2008 by the Costa Rican Government in areas of high socioeconomic vulnerability and are managed by small producer’s organizations; with the main purpose of improving rural economy and food availability, in addition of developing innovative ideas. There are at least seven Cepromas that process beans in Costa Rica, located in the North Area, the South Area and the Chorotega Region, being the North Area the one with the biggest harvest nationwide. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine a system of smart transportation routes, where the Cepromas of San Blas, La Palmera and Llano Bonito become a single processing and distribution company of 100% Costa Rican beans in different markets around the country. To define the lowest cost routes between the processing centers and the target markets, the Vogel Approach Method was implemented, based on the principles of linear programming; in addition, the respective potential demand from the markets of interest and the potential supply by Cepromas were estimated. Among the results obtained, the need to buy beans from Cepromas of the Southern Zone by the Cepromas of the Northern Zone in order to avoid a shortage when the province of Alajuela is not in production season was identified and labeled as a very important factor; in addition, the necessary investments in vehicles for transportation were determined and transporting costs were estimated ranging between ₡6,974 and ₡17,378 per ton depending on the season.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Ceproma, Frijol, Comercialización, Rutas inteligentes, Método Vogel, Bean, Commercialization, Smart routes, Vogel method