Participación ciudadana y organización social para la protección del recurso hídrico: visibilizando el caso del cantón de La Unión, Costa Rica
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Castro Obando, Valeria
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Abstract
El agua constituye un elemento determinante para mantener la vida en el planeta y a pesar de ser tan vital, este recurso enfrenta una seria crisis debido a su escasez y a problemas asociados con su calidad y servicios de abastecimiento. La polución de las fuentes, el inadecuado tratamiento de las aguas residuales y los hábitos consumistas, amenazan con generar tensiones futuras en cuanto a sus usos. La Unión es un cantón perteneciente a la provincia de Cartago (Costa Rica), poblado con asentamientos rurales predominantes hasta 1960, a partir de esa fecha, el cantón ha experimentado cambios que han contribuido a modificar su estructura rural: el desarrollo y crecimiento urbano, el incremento poblacional y de densidad, la extensión de la zona residencial y la prevalencia de las actividades comerciales (76,12%) por encima de la producción industrial (12,84%) y agrícola (10,95%). Esto, aunado a la contaminación de fuentes de agua, la inexistencia de un sistema de saneamiento de aguas negras y residuales y las falencias en el abastecimiento en ciertas zonas del cantón, plantean notables desafíos para la protección del recurso hídrico en La Unión. Esta situación ha contribuido a que ciertos sectores del cantón hayan asumido un involucramiento activo para la conservación del agua, llegando a generar incidencia en los procesos de toma de decisión cantonales, permeando la agenda municipal y contribuyendo a la construcción de políticas públicas que estimulen la preservación del recurso hídrico.
El objetivo de la ponencia es evidenciar los mecanismos de participación ciudadana y las clases de organización social que han emergido en el cantón durante los últimos años, así como exponer las principales contribuciones que estos movimientos han llevado a cabo para proteger el recurso hídrico del municipio.
Water is a key to sustain life on the planet and almost all daily activities depend of it. Despite being so vital, today, this resource is facing a serious crisis due to shortages and problems associated with water quality and supply services. Aspects such as the pollution of water sources, inadequate treatment of sewage and consumer habits threaten to generate future tensions of water uses. La Union is a canton belonging to the province of Cartago (Costa Rica) and which stands out for constituting a canton with predominantly rural settlements until 1960. From that date until now, the county has experienced various changes that have contributed to alter the rural structure of the canton, among which can be mentioned: the increased and growth of urban development, population growth and density of the canton, the extension of the residential area and a prevalence of commercial activities (76.12%) above industrial production (12.84%) and agriculture (10.95%). All this, coupled the pollution of water sources, the lack of a sanitation system of sewage and wastewater and shortcomings in the supply of liquid in certain areas of the canton, pose signiicant challenges for the protection of water resources of La Union. his situation has contributed to a direct and active involvement for water conservation in the canton by certain sectors, and generating a signiicant impact on decision making cantonal processes, permeating the municipal agenda and contributing to building municipal public policies that encourage the preservation of water resources. In that sense, the objective of this paper is to show the diferent mechanisms of citizen participation and the diferent types of social organization that have emerged in La Union during recent years and also, to present the main contributions that this kind of movements have undertaken to protect the water resources of the canton.
Water is a key to sustain life on the planet and almost all daily activities depend of it. Despite being so vital, today, this resource is facing a serious crisis due to shortages and problems associated with water quality and supply services. Aspects such as the pollution of water sources, inadequate treatment of sewage and consumer habits threaten to generate future tensions of water uses. La Union is a canton belonging to the province of Cartago (Costa Rica) and which stands out for constituting a canton with predominantly rural settlements until 1960. From that date until now, the county has experienced various changes that have contributed to alter the rural structure of the canton, among which can be mentioned: the increased and growth of urban development, population growth and density of the canton, the extension of the residential area and a prevalence of commercial activities (76.12%) above industrial production (12.84%) and agriculture (10.95%). All this, coupled the pollution of water sources, the lack of a sanitation system of sewage and wastewater and shortcomings in the supply of liquid in certain areas of the canton, pose signiicant challenges for the protection of water resources of La Union. his situation has contributed to a direct and active involvement for water conservation in the canton by certain sectors, and generating a signiicant impact on decision making cantonal processes, permeating the municipal agenda and contributing to building municipal public policies that encourage the preservation of water resources. In that sense, the objective of this paper is to show the diferent mechanisms of citizen participation and the diferent types of social organization that have emerged in La Union during recent years and also, to present the main contributions that this kind of movements have undertaken to protect the water resources of the canton.
Description
Esta ponencia fue presentada en el I Congreso Internacional Agua, Cultura y Territorio realizado por la Universidad Nacional (UNA) en 2016.
Keywords
PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA, PLANIFICACIÓN SOCIAL, PROTECCIÓN DEL AGUA, LA UNIÓN, COSTA RICA, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, SOCIAL PLANNING