Susceptibilidad de Trypanosoma cruzi a diferentes venenos de serpientes de Costa Rica
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Castillo Vigil, Amparo
Loaiza Montoya, Randall
Zeledón Araya, Rodrigo
Lomonte, Bruno
Urbina Villalobos, Andrea María
Valverde Rojas, Berta E.
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Abstract
Se evaluaron los efectos tóxicos de los venenos de cinco serpientes costarricenses en
cuanto a su capacidad tripanocida contra dos cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi y sus efectos en cuanto
a los mecanismos de muerte celular. Los venenos de Bothrops asper, Bothriechis schlegelii, Crotalus
durissus durissus, Atropoides nummifer y A. picadoi, mostraron actividad tripanocida contra las formas
de epimastigoto, amastigoto y tripomastigoto. Los venenos de B. asper y de A. nummifer presentaron
la más alta citotoxicidad para las células Vero. Los de B. asper y B. schlegelii presentaron la más
alta actividad en los epimastigotos de la cepa CL, mientras que los venenos de B. asper y el de
A. nummifer fueron más eficientes contra los epimastigotos de la cepa Jennifer. El veneno de B.
schlegelii produce un efecto proliferativo en las células Vero; mientras que el de C. d. durissus produce
el mismo efecto en los epimastigotos de la cepa CL, ambos a la concentración de 2,5 μg/mL. Los
valores de CI50 mostraron que se requieren menores cantidades contra los amastigotos en relación
con los epimastigotos. Los venenos de B. asper y B. schlegelii presentan la más alta actividad contra
los amastigotos de ambas cepas. Con los tripomastigotos sanguíneos de la cepa GA, los cinco
venenos ocasionaron una disminución de la motilidad en los diferentes tiempos de exposición, pero
el veneno de A. nummifer, en las concentraciones más bajas, mostró una actividad más marcada en
comparación con los otros veneno. En cuanto a los efectos de los venenos, mediados por los grados
de apoptosis, necrosis o proliferación celular, se observó que estos fenómenos se presentan y tienen
relación con el tipo de veneno, su concentración y el tiempo de exposición.
The trypanocide effect of venoms from five Costa Rican species of snakes was evaluated against two strains of Trypanosoma cruzi and their cellular toxic effects were likewise observed. The venoms of Bothrops asper, Bothriechis schlegelii, Crotalus durissus durissus, Atropoide nummifer and A. picadoi showed evident trypanocide action against epimastigotes, amastigotes and trypomastigotes. The venoms of B. asper and B. schlegelii were shown to be the most active against the epimastigotes of the CL strain, whereas those of B. asper and A. nummifer were more effective against the epimastigotes of the Jennifer strain. The venoms of B. schlegelii and C.d. durissus, at the lowest concentrations of 2.5 μg/mL, were able to trigger a proliferative effect on Vero cells and epimastigotes of the CL strain, respectively. The IC 50 values showed that lower amounts of venoms are necessary in order to inhibit amastigotes as compared to epimastigotes. The venoms of B. asper and B. schlegelii exhibited the highest activity against amastigotes of both T. cruzi strains. All venoms were able to arrest motility of blood trypomastigotes of the GA strain at different times and the most active in this case was A. nummifer venom. The toxic effects of the venoms measured by the degree of apoptosis, necrosis and cell proliferation that they produced showed that all these events occur and are related to the type of venom, its concentration and exposure time.
The trypanocide effect of venoms from five Costa Rican species of snakes was evaluated against two strains of Trypanosoma cruzi and their cellular toxic effects were likewise observed. The venoms of Bothrops asper, Bothriechis schlegelii, Crotalus durissus durissus, Atropoide nummifer and A. picadoi showed evident trypanocide action against epimastigotes, amastigotes and trypomastigotes. The venoms of B. asper and B. schlegelii were shown to be the most active against the epimastigotes of the CL strain, whereas those of B. asper and A. nummifer were more effective against the epimastigotes of the Jennifer strain. The venoms of B. schlegelii and C.d. durissus, at the lowest concentrations of 2.5 μg/mL, were able to trigger a proliferative effect on Vero cells and epimastigotes of the CL strain, respectively. The IC 50 values showed that lower amounts of venoms are necessary in order to inhibit amastigotes as compared to epimastigotes. The venoms of B. asper and B. schlegelii exhibited the highest activity against amastigotes of both T. cruzi strains. All venoms were able to arrest motility of blood trypomastigotes of the GA strain at different times and the most active in this case was A. nummifer venom. The toxic effects of the venoms measured by the degree of apoptosis, necrosis and cell proliferation that they produced showed that all these events occur and are related to the type of venom, its concentration and exposure time.
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Trypanosoma, Veneno de serpiente, muerte celular, Snake venom
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http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1690-46482008000200004&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
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