Calidad nutricional y consumo por cabras de forraje de botón de oro (Tithonia diversifolia)
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Elizondo Salazar, Jorge Alberto
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Abstract
Introducción. Las cabras se han adaptado
a condiciones ambientales variables y tienen la
capacidad de sobrevivir en zonas de escasa vegetación,
sin embargo, su desempeño productivo se
verá afectado significativamente por una mala
alimentación. Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad nutricional
de forraje botón de oro (Tithonia diversifolia)
a partir de la selección y consumo por cabras.
Materiales y métodos. El experimento se llevó
a cabo en la Estación Experimental de Ganado
Lechero “Alfredo Volio Mata” de la Universidad
de Costa Rica desde setiembre hasta noviembre
del 2019. El botón de oro se extrajo de un cultivo
con un año de establecido y se cosechó a una
edad de rebrote de 50 días y fue suministrado a
16 cabras no lactantes ni preñadas de las razas
Saanen, LaMancha y Toggenburg no lactantes
y no gestantes, con un peso vivo promedio de
48±5 kg. El forraje fresco se ofreció en forma
entera tal como fue cosechado. Los animales
se ubicaron en 2 corrales de 12 m2 cada uno y recibieron el forraje en una relación de 20% de
su peso vivo como forraje verde, en 6 porciones
iguales distribuidas a lo largo del día. El periodo
experimental fue de 73 días que incluyó un
periodo de 28 días para adaptación a la nueva
dieta y a las compañeras del grupo. Resultados.
En promedio las cabras consumieron 6580±2430
g de forraje fresco por día (13,6±5,0% de su peso
vivo), lo que corresponde a 700±210 g por día
(1,44±0,4% de su peso vivo) en base seca. No se
encontraron diferencias significativas (p>0,05)
entre la concentración de nutrientes en el forraje
ofrecido y el rechazado. La concentración de
proteína cruda en el forraje no superó el 17,2%
y el consumo diario por animal de este nutriente
fue en promedio de 130±70 g. La concentración
de fibra detergente neutro en el forraje fue inferior
a 38%. Conclusión. El forraje de botón de
oro cosechado a 50 días de rebrote presentó un
adecuado contenido nutricional y se presenta
como una alternativa más para la alimentación
de cabras.
Introduction. Goats have adapted to variable environmental conditions and have the ability to survive in sparsely vegetated areas; however, their productive performance will be significantly affected by poor diet. Objective. To evaluate the nutritional quality of golden botton forage (Tithonia diversifolia) from the selection and consumption by goats. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out in the “Alfredo Volio Mata” Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica from September to November 2019. Golden botton forage was extracted from a crop with a year of established and was harvested at a regrowth age of 50 days and was fed to 16 non-lactating and non-pregnant Saanen, LaMancha and Toggenburg goats, with an average live weight of 48±5 kg. Fresh forage was offered in its entirety as harvested. Animals were placed in 2 pens of 12 m2 each and received the forage in a ratio of 20% of their live body weight as green forage, in 6 equal portions distributed throughout the day. The experimental period was 73 days, which included a 28-day period for adaptation to the new diet and to the groupmates. Results. On average, goats consumed 6580±2430 g of fresh forage per day (13.6±5.0% of their live weight) which corresponded to 700±210 g per day (1.44±0.4% of its live weight) of dry matter. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found between the concentration of nutrients in the offered and rejected forage. Crude protein concentration in forage did not exceed 17.2% and daily consumption per animal of this nutrient was on average 130±70 g. Neutral detergent fiber concentration in forage was less than 38%. Conclusion. Golden button forage harvested at 50 days of regrowth presented an adequate nutritional content and is considered as one more alternative for feeding goats.
Introduction. Goats have adapted to variable environmental conditions and have the ability to survive in sparsely vegetated areas; however, their productive performance will be significantly affected by poor diet. Objective. To evaluate the nutritional quality of golden botton forage (Tithonia diversifolia) from the selection and consumption by goats. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out in the “Alfredo Volio Mata” Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica from September to November 2019. Golden botton forage was extracted from a crop with a year of established and was harvested at a regrowth age of 50 days and was fed to 16 non-lactating and non-pregnant Saanen, LaMancha and Toggenburg goats, with an average live weight of 48±5 kg. Fresh forage was offered in its entirety as harvested. Animals were placed in 2 pens of 12 m2 each and received the forage in a ratio of 20% of their live body weight as green forage, in 6 equal portions distributed throughout the day. The experimental period was 73 days, which included a 28-day period for adaptation to the new diet and to the groupmates. Results. On average, goats consumed 6580±2430 g of fresh forage per day (13.6±5.0% of their live weight) which corresponded to 700±210 g per day (1.44±0.4% of its live weight) of dry matter. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found between the concentration of nutrients in the offered and rejected forage. Crude protein concentration in forage did not exceed 17.2% and daily consumption per animal of this nutrient was on average 130±70 g. Neutral detergent fiber concentration in forage was less than 38%. Conclusion. Golden button forage harvested at 50 days of regrowth presented an adequate nutritional content and is considered as one more alternative for feeding goats.
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Keywords
RUMIANTES MENORES, NUTRICIÓN ANIMAL, MATERIA SECA, FORRAJES, CAPRA HIRCUS
Citation
https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agrocost/article/view/47774