Referente para la Evaluación Curricular desde un enfoque Socioconstructivista: dirigido a instituciones educativas para la Primera Infancia.
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Ramírez Moya, Eva
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Abstract
El presente estudio se basó en la elaboración de un Referente para la Evaluación
Curricular desde el Enfoque Socioconstructivista, dirigido a instituciones educativas para
la Primera Infancia. El mismo se sustenta en la teoría del Socioconstructivismo, el aporte
de Freire para una educación reflexiva, el currículo y la evaluación curricular. La
investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cualitativo, se empleó como técnica de
recolección la revisión documental y la entrevista semiestructurada, la información
recopilada se trató mediante el análisis de contenido.
Se concluyó que la mediación desde el Socioconstructivismo requiere de procesos
de reflexión y autoevaluación, el ambiente existencial y físico representa un aspecto
fundamental para propiciar la construcción de aprendizajes, las experiencias deben
reflejar el rol participativo de las niñas y niños en la construcción de sus aprendizajes
mediante la interacción, en el ejercicio de su ciudadanía plena.
El sentido de comunidad de aprendizaje permite que cada persona pueda aportar desde
su cultura y sus capacidades. Uno de los principales retos para la vivencia del
Socioconstructivismo es lograr una mediación congruente con el enfoque. La evaluación
de los aprendizajes ofrece a la persona docente los insumos para plantear nuevas
estrategias basadas en los procesos y las zonas de desarrollo próximo.
Dentro de las recomendaciones se observa la importancia de incluir el referente
teórico como un apartado del producto, que permita a las comunidades de aprendizaje,
que hagan uso de este, contar con una base sólida que oriente sus prácticas educativas a
la vivencia del Socioconstructivismo. Se insta a analizar la planificación y las estrategias
para ofrecer a las niñas y niños oportunidades de aprendizaje, enfocadas en las
potencialidades, intereses y características de sus zonas de desarrollo próximo, partiendo
de la participación plena, la libertad y la autogestión.
Se recomienda motivar una cultura de reflexión, sobre la visión de mundo que se
construye a través de los procesos educativos, los espacios e interacciones, por medio de
encuentros de diálogo a nivel institucional, y así optar por una evaluación formativa, de
proceso y holística que permita tomar decisiones y hacer mejoras en el momento en que
se requieran. Se sugiere una mayor participación de las instituciones en procesos de
evaluación curricular, mediante el uso de modelos diseñados con el objetivo de ofrecer
mejores ambientes a la niñez.
Se reconocen como hallazgos, que no todas las personas docentes tienen una
posición crítica de sí mismas como portadoras y transmisoras de cultura. Y se perciben
incongruencias en cuanto a la noción de niño y niña como protagonistas de su aprendizaje,
restando valor al contexto educativo, sociohistórico y político al cual pertenecen, aspecto
fundamental dentro del enfoque Socioconstructivista.
La propuesta se concreta en un Referente para la Evaluación Curricular: dirigido a
instituciones educativas para la primera infancia, basado en la teoría que sustenta los
modelos de evaluación, integrando además la base teórica y práctica del
Socioconstructivismo a través de la experiencia de las participantes, lo cual permite ver
la evaluación curricular desde un espacio de reflexión para la mejora de los procesos
educativos a beneficio de las niñas y niños.
Abstract The present study was based on the elaboration of a Reference for Curricular Evaluation from the Socio Constructivist approach aimed at educational institutions for Early Childhood. It is based on the theory of Socio Constructivism, Freire’s contribution to reflective education, curriculum, and curriculum assessment. The research was developed under a qualitive approach. Documentary review and the semi-structured interview were used as a collection technique, the information collected was treated through the content analysis. It was concluded that mediation from Socio Constructivism requires processes of reflection and self-evaluation, the existential and physical environment represents a fundamental aspect to promote the construction of learning, experiences should reflect the participatory role of children in the construction of their learning through interaction, in the exercise of their full citizenship. The sense of learning community allows each person to contribute from his or her culture and abilities. One of the main challenges for the experience of Socio Constructivism is to achieve a consistent mediation with the approach. The evaluation of learning offers the teacher the inputs to propose new strategies based on the processes and zones of proximal development. Among the recommendations is the importance of including the theoretical reference as a section of the product, that allows the learning communities to have a solid base that guides their educational practices to the experience of Socio Constructivism. It is urged to analyze the planning and strategies to provide children learning opportunities focused on the potentialities, interests, and characteristics of their zones of proximal development, based on full participation, freedom, and self-management. It is recommended to motivate a culture of reflection on the vision of the world that is built through educational processes, spaces, and interactions, through dialogue meetings at the institutional level, and thus opt for a formative evaluation, process and holistic that allows decisions to be made and improvements at the time they are required. Greater participation of the institutions in curricular evaluation processes is suggested, using models designed with the aim of offering better environments for children. Recognized as findings, not all teachers have a critical position of themselves as carriers and transmitters of culture. Inconsistencies are perceived in terms of the notion of a boy and girl as protagonists of their learning, undervaluing the educational, sociohistorical, and political context to which they belong, a fundamental aspect within the Socio Constructivist approach. The proposal is concretized in a Reference for Curricular Evaluation: aimed at educational institutions for early childhood, it is based on the theory that underpins the evaluation models, integrating also the theoretical and practical basis of Socio Constructivism through the experience of the participants, which allows to see the curricular evaluation from a space of reflection for the improvement of the educational processes for the benefit of children.
Abstract The present study was based on the elaboration of a Reference for Curricular Evaluation from the Socio Constructivist approach aimed at educational institutions for Early Childhood. It is based on the theory of Socio Constructivism, Freire’s contribution to reflective education, curriculum, and curriculum assessment. The research was developed under a qualitive approach. Documentary review and the semi-structured interview were used as a collection technique, the information collected was treated through the content analysis. It was concluded that mediation from Socio Constructivism requires processes of reflection and self-evaluation, the existential and physical environment represents a fundamental aspect to promote the construction of learning, experiences should reflect the participatory role of children in the construction of their learning through interaction, in the exercise of their full citizenship. The sense of learning community allows each person to contribute from his or her culture and abilities. One of the main challenges for the experience of Socio Constructivism is to achieve a consistent mediation with the approach. The evaluation of learning offers the teacher the inputs to propose new strategies based on the processes and zones of proximal development. Among the recommendations is the importance of including the theoretical reference as a section of the product, that allows the learning communities to have a solid base that guides their educational practices to the experience of Socio Constructivism. It is urged to analyze the planning and strategies to provide children learning opportunities focused on the potentialities, interests, and characteristics of their zones of proximal development, based on full participation, freedom, and self-management. It is recommended to motivate a culture of reflection on the vision of the world that is built through educational processes, spaces, and interactions, through dialogue meetings at the institutional level, and thus opt for a formative evaluation, process and holistic that allows decisions to be made and improvements at the time they are required. Greater participation of the institutions in curricular evaluation processes is suggested, using models designed with the aim of offering better environments for children. Recognized as findings, not all teachers have a critical position of themselves as carriers and transmitters of culture. Inconsistencies are perceived in terms of the notion of a boy and girl as protagonists of their learning, undervaluing the educational, sociohistorical, and political context to which they belong, a fundamental aspect within the Socio Constructivist approach. The proposal is concretized in a Reference for Curricular Evaluation: aimed at educational institutions for early childhood, it is based on the theory that underpins the evaluation models, integrating also the theoretical and practical basis of Socio Constructivism through the experience of the participants, which allows to see the curricular evaluation from a space of reflection for the improvement of the educational processes for the benefit of children.
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Keywords
Evaluación Curricular, Enfoque Socioconstructivista, Vygotzky, Primera infancia, Ecoanálisis, ENSEÑANZA PRIMARIA