La política pública de la infraestructuva vial nacional de Costa Rica (1998-2014)
Fecha
2019-10
Autores
Vásquez Rodríguez, Jorge Alberto
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Resumen
Desde los años cincuenta y, hasta el año de 1985, la infraestructura vial nacional en Costa Rica, crecería vertiginosamente, hasta llegar a convertirse en una de las mayores, por kilómetro cuadrado de territorio nacional, entre seis a cuatro veces más grande que la de México y la de los países centroamericanos, encontrándose la mayoría de la red, para ese año, en buen estado.
En la Administración Monge Álvarez (1982-1986), el país cambió su estilo nacional de desarrollo, hacia uno, caracterizado por la prevalencia del mercado sobre el Estado, y concordante con ello, se tomaron una serie de medidas, que afectaron negativamente a la red vial nacional; como fueron el desfinanciamiento de la obra vial y la movilidad laboral; que aunado a los problemas institucionales y de gestión que existían, provocaron la desaceleración del crecimiento de la red y su deterioro, ya para el año 1996, únicamente el 9% se encontraría en buen estado. En tan sólo 10 años (1985-1995) se destruyó el activo de mayor valor económico de Costa Rica, que se había construido, principalmente en los anteriores 35 años (1950-1995).
Con el propósito de brindar solución al problema público de una red vial nacional deficiente, entre 1998-2014, se reorientaría la política pública de la infraestructura vial nacional, con lo que se constituyó un Fondo Vial Nacional, que se fortaleció con préstamos internacionales, se redefinió las competencias del Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes (MOPT), se creó el Consejo Nacional de Vialidad (Conavi), fue así contrató a empresas privadas que se encargaron de labor de construcción, mantenimiento y conservación de carreteras. A pesar de la reorientación de la política, el problema público de la deficiente red vial nacional, persistió en el periodo.
Las causas principales de la deficiente red vial nacional, se encuentran en: la compleja institucionalidad de política, con innumerables normas y actores, estos últimos desarticulados entre sí; en la intervención que se hace desde “lo político”; en una rígida institucionalidad de la gestión del recurso humano de los actores públicos; en un deficiente proceso de planificación; en una gestión pública rígida, y en canales inexistentes para la participación ciudadana.
From the fifties and until 1985, the national road infrastructure in Costa Rica would grow dramatically, until it became one of the largest, per square kilometer of national territory, six to four times larger than that of Mexico and that of the Central American countries, finding the majority of the network, for that year, in good condition. In the Monge Álvarez Administration (1982-1986), the country changed its national style of development, towards one, characterized by the prevalence of the market over the State, and consistent with this, a series of measures were taken, which negatively affected the national road network; how were the de-financing of road work and labor mobility; that together with the institutional and management problems that existed, caused the deceleration of the growth of the network and its deterioration, and by the year 1996, only 9% would be in good condition. In just 10 years (1985-1995) Costa Rica’s most valuable asset was destroyed, which had been built, mainly in the previous 35 years (1950-1995). Ith the purpose of providing a solution to the public problem of a deficient national road network, between 1998-2014, the public policy of the national road infrastructure would be reoriented, with which a National Road Fund was constituted, which was strengthened with international loans; redefined the competences of the Ministry of Public Works and Transportation (MOPT), created the National Council of Roads (Conavi), was so, that the State stopped building, maintaining and maintaining roads, with its officials and assets, and instead hired private companies that were responsible for that work. The main causes of the deficient national road network are found in: the complex institutionality of politics, with innumerable norms and actors, the latter disjointed with each other; in the intervention that is done from “the political”; in a strict institutionality of human resource management of public actors; in a poor planning process; in a rigid public management, and in non-existent channels for citizen participation.
From the fifties and until 1985, the national road infrastructure in Costa Rica would grow dramatically, until it became one of the largest, per square kilometer of national territory, six to four times larger than that of Mexico and that of the Central American countries, finding the majority of the network, for that year, in good condition. In the Monge Álvarez Administration (1982-1986), the country changed its national style of development, towards one, characterized by the prevalence of the market over the State, and consistent with this, a series of measures were taken, which negatively affected the national road network; how were the de-financing of road work and labor mobility; that together with the institutional and management problems that existed, caused the deceleration of the growth of the network and its deterioration, and by the year 1996, only 9% would be in good condition. In just 10 years (1985-1995) Costa Rica’s most valuable asset was destroyed, which had been built, mainly in the previous 35 years (1950-1995). Ith the purpose of providing a solution to the public problem of a deficient national road network, between 1998-2014, the public policy of the national road infrastructure would be reoriented, with which a National Road Fund was constituted, which was strengthened with international loans; redefined the competences of the Ministry of Public Works and Transportation (MOPT), created the National Council of Roads (Conavi), was so, that the State stopped building, maintaining and maintaining roads, with its officials and assets, and instead hired private companies that were responsible for that work. The main causes of the deficient national road network are found in: the complex institutionality of politics, with innumerable norms and actors, the latter disjointed with each other; in the intervention that is done from “the political”; in a strict institutionality of human resource management of public actors; in a poor planning process; in a rigid public management, and in non-existent channels for citizen participation.
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Palabras clave
Política, Vialidad, Red, Carretera, Actores, Privatización