Producción de biocombustibles en Costa Rica utilizando licuefacción hidrotérmica de biomasa: estimación preliminar de su potencial y huella de carbono
Fecha
2023
Tipo
artículo preliminar
Autores
Solórzano Jiménez, Susana
Montero Rambla, Natalia
Roccard Pommera, Jessica
Durán Herrera, Esteban
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar el potencial de producción de biocombustibles a partir de la licuefacción hidrotérmica (LHT) de residuos biomásicos en Costa Rica y su respectiva huella de carbono. Para ello se estimó el potencial de generación de residuos de biomasa que pueden ser aprovechados para la producción de biocombustibles mediante el proceso de LHT utilizando informes de diferentes instituciones como el Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, la Cámara de Avicultores, Acueductos y Alcantarillados, entre otros. Posteriormente, mediante modelos matemáticos que predicen el rendimiento de biocrudo según el tipo de biomasa utilizado, se estimó el potencial de la posible producción de biocrudo y su respectivo mejoramiento a biodiésel y sus co- productos (biogasolina y biobúnker). Estos datos se compararon con el consumo actual de combustibles en Costa Rica. Por último, se calculó la huella de carbono del proceso de producción de estos biocombustibles utilizando la norma ISO 14067. Se obtuvo que Costa Rica posee, bajo las suposiciones de este estudio, un potencial de producción de biocrudo, biodiésel, biogasolina y biobúnker de 1 383 299 ton/año, 635 788 ton/año, 295 336 ton/año y 70 140 ton/año, respectivamente. Así mismo, se estimó que las huellas de carbono asociadas a la producción de biodiésel, biogasolina y biobúnker son 14,57 gCO2eq/MJ, 13,88 gCO2eq/MJ y 13,33 gCO2eq/MJ, respectivamente. Se concluyó, bajo las suposiciones de este estudio, que en Costa Rica existe un potencial de reemplazo de combustibles fósiles del 71 %, 43 % y 76 % para biodiésel, biogasolina y biobúnker, respectivamente. También, se estimó que por medio de esta tecnología (LHT) se podría reducir un 18 %, 36 % y 6 % la huella de carbono al utilizar biodiésel, biogasolina y biobunker, respectivamente, en lugar de sus correspondientes combustibles fósiles.
[Objective] Estimate the production potential of biofuels from the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass residues in Costa Rica and their respective carbon footprint. [Methodology] The generation potential of biomass residues suitable to produce biofuels through the HTL process was estimated using reports from different institutions such as the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Chamber of Poultry Farmers, Aqueducts and Sewers, among others. Then, using mathematical models that predict the biocrude yield according to the type of biomass being used, the production potential of biocrude and its respective upgrade to biodiesel and its co-products (biogasoline and biobunker) was estimated. These results were compared with current fuel consumption in Costa Rica. Finally, the carbon footprint for the production process of these biofuels was calculated using the ISO 14067 standard [Results] It was found that Costa Rica has, under the assumptions of this study, a production potential of biocrude, biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker of 1 383 299 tons/year, 635 788 tons/year, 295 336 tons/year, and 70 140 tons/year, respectively. In addition, it was estimated that the carbon footprints associated with the production of biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker are 14,57 gCO2eq/MJ, 13,88 gCO2eq/MJ, and 13,33 gCO2eq/MJ, respectively. [Conclusions] Under the assumptions of this study, it was concluded that Costa Rica has a potential replacement of fossil fuels of 71 %, 43 % and 76 % for biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker, respectively. Also, it was estimated that by developing this technology (LHT), the carbon footprint could be reduced by 18 %, 36 %, and 6 % when using biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker, respectively, instead of the corresponding fossil fuels.
[Objective] Estimate the production potential of biofuels from the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass residues in Costa Rica and their respective carbon footprint. [Methodology] The generation potential of biomass residues suitable to produce biofuels through the HTL process was estimated using reports from different institutions such as the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Chamber of Poultry Farmers, Aqueducts and Sewers, among others. Then, using mathematical models that predict the biocrude yield according to the type of biomass being used, the production potential of biocrude and its respective upgrade to biodiesel and its co-products (biogasoline and biobunker) was estimated. These results were compared with current fuel consumption in Costa Rica. Finally, the carbon footprint for the production process of these biofuels was calculated using the ISO 14067 standard [Results] It was found that Costa Rica has, under the assumptions of this study, a production potential of biocrude, biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker of 1 383 299 tons/year, 635 788 tons/year, 295 336 tons/year, and 70 140 tons/year, respectively. In addition, it was estimated that the carbon footprints associated with the production of biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker are 14,57 gCO2eq/MJ, 13,88 gCO2eq/MJ, and 13,33 gCO2eq/MJ, respectively. [Conclusions] Under the assumptions of this study, it was concluded that Costa Rica has a potential replacement of fossil fuels of 71 %, 43 % and 76 % for biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker, respectively. Also, it was estimated that by developing this technology (LHT), the carbon footprint could be reduced by 18 %, 36 %, and 6 % when using biodiesel, biogasoline, and biobunker, respectively, instead of the corresponding fossil fuels.
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Palabras clave
BIOMASA, RESIDUOS, PRODUCCIÓN, BIOCOMBUSTIBLE, CARBONO