Peligros Geomorfológicos en Costa Rica: Cuenca Alta del Río General
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Quesada Román, Adolfo
Zamorano Orozco, José Juan
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Abstract
En países tropicales como Costa Rica, la incidencia de procesos de ladera e inundaciones es activada por las
lluvias extraordinarias, la meteorización, el tipo de sustrato, la sismicidad, la morfología y la inclinación del terreno. La
recurrencia y magnitud de estos procesos afectan en términos de pérdidas económicas y muertes en las comunidades de
la cuenca alta del río General en el centro-sur del país. Este trabajo determina por medio de mapas morfométricos y morfogenéticos,
las zonas de mayor susceptibilidad a estos peligros geomorfológicos. En el pasado eventos como el sismo de
Buenavista (1983), los huracanes Joan (1988), César (1996), la tormenta tropical Alma (2008) y el huracán Nate (2017)
causaron pérdidas humanas y graves daños económicos en líneas vitales (vías de comunicación, cableado eléctrico y
acueductos) así como en el sector agropecuario.
In tropical countries as Costa Rica, landslides and floods are triggered by intense precipitation events, weathering, rock control, seismicity, morphology and the slope angle. The recurrence and magnitude of these processes provoke economic losses and casualties in the communities of the Upper General River Basin in the center-south of the country. The current work determines based on morphogenetic and morphometric maps, the higher susceptibility zones affected by these geomorphological hazards. In the past events such as the Buenavista earthquake (1983), hurricanes Joan (1988), César (1996), tropical storm Alma (2008), and hurricane Nate (2017) caused human losses and serious economic damage to vital lines (roads, electric lines, and aqueducts) as well as in the agricultural sector.
In tropical countries as Costa Rica, landslides and floods are triggered by intense precipitation events, weathering, rock control, seismicity, morphology and the slope angle. The recurrence and magnitude of these processes provoke economic losses and casualties in the communities of the Upper General River Basin in the center-south of the country. The current work determines based on morphogenetic and morphometric maps, the higher susceptibility zones affected by these geomorphological hazards. In the past events such as the Buenavista earthquake (1983), hurricanes Joan (1988), César (1996), tropical storm Alma (2008), and hurricane Nate (2017) caused human losses and serious economic damage to vital lines (roads, electric lines, and aqueducts) as well as in the agricultural sector.
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Keywords
Cartografía geomorfológica, Morfometría, INUNDACIÓN, Proceso de ladera