Avaliação das propriedades físicas e qualidade do café em diferentes condições de torrefação
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Vargas Elías, Guillermo Asdrúbal
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Abstract
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características físicas associadas a câmbios na qualidade sensorial dos grãos de café numa combinação de quatro temperaturas (255, 284, 305 e 355°C) e quatro categorias de torrefação (média clara, média, moderadamente escura e escura). Durante o processo, foram medidas as temperaturas da massa dos grãos e do torrefador; avaliou-se a perda de massa no final de cada tratamento; mediu-se o aumento do volume das amostras e da massa específica; e, finalmente, foi calculada a porosidade. Os testes da bebida demonstraram que, nos tratamentos, as temperaturas, a partir de 284°C no torrefador, com tempos entre 9 e 16 min, desenvolveram as características sensoriais de acidez, doçura e corpo em níveis ótimos, mantendo a percepção da adstringência em níveis mínimos. Na pontuação geral, a torrefação média clara foi valorizada com 80,6 pontos; as características físicas associadas foram: a temperatura da massa de grãos atingiu valores entre 228 e 245°C, a razão de matéria seca foi de 0,946 kgms kgms0 -1, a expansão da massa de grãos ficou entre 50 e 68%, a expansão unitária foi de 45 a 55%, a massa específica aparente apresentou-seem 365 kg m-3, a massa específica unitária foi de 650 kg m-3 e a porosidade estabeleceu-se em aproximadamente 45% na massa de grãos torrados.
The objective was to evaluate the physical characteristics associated to sensorial quality changes of coffee beans in a combination of four temperatures (255, 284, 305 and 355°C) and four levels of roasting (medium- light, medium, dark, and moderately dark). Throughout the process, were measured the temperature of mass of grains and of the roaster; it was evaluated the mass loss at the end of each treatment; it was measured using the increase in volume and density of the samples and, finally it was calculated porosity. The coffee cup quality showed that temperatures from 284°C in the roaster with times between 9 e 16 min, developed the sensorial characteristics of acidity, sweetness and body in optimal levels of the beverage, maintaining the perception of astringency at minimum levels. In the overall score, the lightmedium degree of roasting was evaluated with 80.6 points and the physical characteristics associated were: the temperature of the mass reached values between 228 and 245° C, the ratio of dry matter 0.946 kgms kgms0 -1, the expansion of the mass between 50 and 68%, the unit was expanded from 45 to 55%, the apparent density was 365 kg m-3, the true density of 650 kg m-3 and porosity of approximately 45% in the mass of roasted beans.
The objective was to evaluate the physical characteristics associated to sensorial quality changes of coffee beans in a combination of four temperatures (255, 284, 305 and 355°C) and four levels of roasting (medium- light, medium, dark, and moderately dark). Throughout the process, were measured the temperature of mass of grains and of the roaster; it was evaluated the mass loss at the end of each treatment; it was measured using the increase in volume and density of the samples and, finally it was calculated porosity. The coffee cup quality showed that temperatures from 284°C in the roaster with times between 9 e 16 min, developed the sensorial characteristics of acidity, sweetness and body in optimal levels of the beverage, maintaining the perception of astringency at minimum levels. In the overall score, the lightmedium degree of roasting was evaluated with 80.6 points and the physical characteristics associated were: the temperature of the mass reached values between 228 and 245° C, the ratio of dry matter 0.946 kgms kgms0 -1, the expansion of the mass between 50 and 68%, the unit was expanded from 45 to 55%, the apparent density was 365 kg m-3, the true density of 650 kg m-3 and porosity of approximately 45% in the mass of roasted beans.
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Café torrado, Temperatura do processo, Torrefação, 633.73 Café, Café arábica, Propriedades físicas, Análise sensorial
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http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3606
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