Efecto del rastrojo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en el cultivo del frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
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Herrera Murillo, Franklin
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Universidad de Costa Rica
Abstract
En la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit Moreno de la Universidad de Costa Rica, ubicada en Alajuela a 10º00’32’’ de latitud norte y 84º15’33’’de longitud oeste, a una altitud de 840 m, entre agosto del 2000 y enero del 2002 se realizaron tres experimentos en condiciones de laboratorio, casa de mallas y campo, con el propósito de conocer el efecto del rastrojo de arroz en la germinación, establecimiento y producción de las plantas de frijol. En la prueba de laboratorio se evaluaron extractos acuosos y lixiviados de la parte aérea y radical de plantas maduras de arroz, tratadas con glifosato y sin tratar, mientras en la casa de mallas y campo se evaluó el efecto del rastrojo dejado sobre la superficie o incorporado al suelo. No hubo evidencia de que los extractos acuosos del rastrojo de arroz causaran efectos alelopáticos importantes en el frijol. La permanencia del rastrojo de arroz sobre la superficie del suelo causó una leve disminución en el número de plantas de frijol establecidas, pero el rendimiento de grano fue igual o superior al obtenido con labranza e incorporación del rastrojo al suelo.
Three experiment were conducted at the Fabio Baudrit Experimental of the University of Costa Rica, located in Alajuela, 10º00'32" North latitude and 84º15'33" West longitude, and 840 m of altitude, from August 2000 to January 2002, in order to determine the effect of the rice stubble on the subsequent crop of beans, in aspects such as germination, stand establishment and yield. On the other hand, laboratory and greenhouse studies were carried out, to assess the effects of rice stubble left on the soil surface versus rice stubble incorporated into the soil, on the performance of bean plants. No negative effects of soluble extract from rice stubble occurred on bean plants. A slight decrease on bean stand was registered on the field in the no tillage treatment with rice stubble eliminated with glyphosate; however, their growing and grain yield was not affected.
Three experiment were conducted at the Fabio Baudrit Experimental of the University of Costa Rica, located in Alajuela, 10º00'32" North latitude and 84º15'33" West longitude, and 840 m of altitude, from August 2000 to January 2002, in order to determine the effect of the rice stubble on the subsequent crop of beans, in aspects such as germination, stand establishment and yield. On the other hand, laboratory and greenhouse studies were carried out, to assess the effects of rice stubble left on the soil surface versus rice stubble incorporated into the soil, on the performance of bean plants. No negative effects of soluble extract from rice stubble occurred on bean plants. A slight decrease on bean stand was registered on the field in the no tillage treatment with rice stubble eliminated with glyphosate; however, their growing and grain yield was not affected.
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Keywords
Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, sistemas de cultivo, rotación de cultivos, malezas, Costa Rica, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, cropping systems, rotational systems, rotational cropping, weeds, Costa Rica