Sucesión de larvas de muscoideos durante la degradación cadavérica en un bosque premontano húmedo tropical
Fecha
2005-06
Autores
Calderón Arguedas, Ólger
Troyo Rodríguez, Adriana
Solano Chinchilla, Mayra Emilia
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Resumen
INTRODUCCIÓN. La sucesión de larvas de muscoideos, reconocida herramienta en las investigaciones médico legales, fue estudiada como un criterio en la estimación del intervalo post mortem (IPM) en un modelo experimental con conejos.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Durante cuatro ciclos trimestrales que iniciaron en abril, junio, octubre del 2002 y enero del 2003, se sacrificaron por dislocación cervical 3 conejos de la cepa New Zealand (1,8 kg) los cuales fueron expuestos en un ambiente de bosque premontano húmedo tropical. A partir de los cadáveres, tres veces a la semana, se colectaron formas larvales de muscoideos las cuales fueron fijadas en etanol al 70% y aclaradas en lactofenol para su posterior identificación por microscopia de luz. Adicionalmente se realizó la determinación de las temperaturas del suelo, de la interfase cadáver-suelo y de la masa larval.
RESULTADOS. El modelo no permitió observar una variación marcada en la entomofauna asociada con las fases de descomposición cadavérica, por lo que la información obtenida orienta acerca del período de muerte, pero no precisa el tiempo de muerte. Los califóridos fueron buenos indicadores de la fase coagulativa. De estos, las especies Hemilucilia segmentaria y Lucilia eximia fueron evidenciadas en todos los ciclos de muestreo. Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) fue una especie bastante frecuente en la fase de descomposición avanzada. Ejemplares de las familias Fannidae, Sepsidae, Micropezidae y Drosophilidae, fueron colectados en los últimos días del período de observación (fases de descomposición avanzada y seca). En relación con las temperaturas, la temperatura de la masa larval fue más alta durante la fase de descomposición activa en todos los ciclos. Durante los ciclos I y IV, correspondientes a los meses secos, la temperatura de la interfase cadáver suelo fue también elevada durante la fase de descomposición activa.
DISCUSIÓN. Aunque el análisis de formas larvales de muscoideos no constituye un método que garantice precisión en las estimaciones del IPM, la información derivada da una idea de la temporalidad y de la localización geográfica que pueden ser claves para la interpretación de los análisis forenses.
INTRODUCTION: The succession of muscoid larvae, a common tool in medical-legal investigations, was studied as a criterion for the estimation of the Post Mortem Interval (PMI) in an experimental model with rabbits. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During four trimestral cycles that began in April, June, October of 2002, and January of 2003, three New Zealand rabbits (1,8 kg) were euthanasied by cervical dislocation and Exposed in a tropical premontane humid forest. Three times a week, muscoid larvae were collected from each corpse. They were fixed in ethanol 70%, cleared in lactophenol, and mounted in Hoyer’s medium for their observation by light microscopy. In addition, temperatures of the soil, soil-corpse interphase, and maggot mass were determined. RESULTS: Even though the model did not show great variation in the entomofauna associated to each decomposition phase, the generated information could approximate a time period since death, but not the exact time of the death. The calliphorids were good indicators for the bloating phase: Hemilucilia segmentaria and Lucilia eximia were evidenced in all the sampling cycles. In the active decomposition phase, Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) was a highly frequent species. Larvae of Fannidae, Sepsidae, Micropezidae and Drosophilidae were collected in the last days of the observation period (advanced decomposition and dry phases). Regarding the temperatures, the maggot-mass temperature was higher during active decomposition in all the cycles. During cycles I and IV, corresponding to the dry months, the temperature of the soil-corpse interphase was also higher in the active decomposition phase. DISCUSSION: Although analysis of larval types are not methods that precisely estimate the PMI, the information derived gives an idea of temporality and geographic location, which can be key aspects in the interpretation of the forensic analysis.
INTRODUCTION: The succession of muscoid larvae, a common tool in medical-legal investigations, was studied as a criterion for the estimation of the Post Mortem Interval (PMI) in an experimental model with rabbits. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During four trimestral cycles that began in April, June, October of 2002, and January of 2003, three New Zealand rabbits (1,8 kg) were euthanasied by cervical dislocation and Exposed in a tropical premontane humid forest. Three times a week, muscoid larvae were collected from each corpse. They were fixed in ethanol 70%, cleared in lactophenol, and mounted in Hoyer’s medium for their observation by light microscopy. In addition, temperatures of the soil, soil-corpse interphase, and maggot mass were determined. RESULTS: Even though the model did not show great variation in the entomofauna associated to each decomposition phase, the generated information could approximate a time period since death, but not the exact time of the death. The calliphorids were good indicators for the bloating phase: Hemilucilia segmentaria and Lucilia eximia were evidenced in all the sampling cycles. In the active decomposition phase, Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) was a highly frequent species. Larvae of Fannidae, Sepsidae, Micropezidae and Drosophilidae were collected in the last days of the observation period (advanced decomposition and dry phases). Regarding the temperatures, the maggot-mass temperature was higher during active decomposition in all the cycles. During cycles I and IV, corresponding to the dry months, the temperature of the soil-corpse interphase was also higher in the active decomposition phase. DISCUSSION: Although analysis of larval types are not methods that precisely estimate the PMI, the information derived gives an idea of temporality and geographic location, which can be key aspects in the interpretation of the forensic analysis.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Entomología forense, Hemilucilia segmentaria, Synthesiomyia nudiseta Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Costa Rica, Forensic Entomology, Hemilucilia segmentaria, Synthesiomyia nudiseta, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Costa Rica, 595.77 Diptera (Dípteros, Moscas) y Siphonaptera
Citación
http://www.revistabiomedica.mx/index.php/revbiomed/article/view/404