Evaluación de la efectividad del programa de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico, utilizando la metodología Dáder, en pacientes diabéticos, tipo 2, no controlados, atendidos en el EBAIS Central del Área de Salud de Zarcero, durante los meses de Octubre 2015 a Marzo 2016
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Blanco Alfaro, Blanca Aurora
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Abstract
Introducción: Con el fin de validar la eficacia de la metodología Dáder como herramienta para optimizar la farmacoterapia establecida en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 no controlados se selecciona a un grupo de pacientes atendidos en el EBAIS Central del Área de Salud de Zarcero, Alajuela, Costa Rica que cumplan los criterios de selección.
Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo de tipo longitudinal durante un período de seis meses (octubre 2015 a marzo 2016); se trabajó con 16 pacientes con edades promedio de 61 años y 11 años de evolución de la enfermedad. Se les dio seguimiento farmacoterapéutico siguiendo la metodología Dáder, se trabajó su adherencia, educación y conocimiento de la enfermedad tras valorar las principales problemáticas en cada paciente. Se valoraron los cambios en los parámetros clínicos asociados a la enfermedad y a las principales comorbilidades concomitantes posteriores al trabajo con la herramienta.
Resultados: Mediante el test de Morisky-Green-Levine de adherencia se logró mejorar la misma en casi la totalidad de pacientes. Con la metodología Dáder, se detectaron 60 RNM, para un promedio de 3.75 RNM por paciente; 38.33% de necesidad, 53.33% de efectividad y el 8.33% de seguridad; además, se identificaron 71 PRM y se propusieron 133 intervenciones farmacéuticas para un promedio de 2.2 posibles intervenciones por cada RNM, donde un 4.5% fue sobre la cantidad de medicamento, 8.2% sobre la estrategia farmacológica y 87.2% sobre educación al paciente. Adicionalmente se cuantificó si existieron cambios estadísticamente significativos para los parámetros clínicos asociados a la enfermedad u otras patologías concomitantes, en el caso de la glicemia en ayunas se dio una reducción promedio de 52,69 mg/dl (p=0.005); para la Hb1Ac 1,7% (p=0.002). Con respecto a la hipertensión arterial se dio una reducción estadísticamente significativa en la presión sistólica de 11mmHg (p=0.044) pero sin cambios significativos a la presión diastólica. Asociado a los valores de perfil de lípidos el LDL-C tuvo una reducción promedio de 16,5 mg/dl (p=0.03), el HDL-C un aumento promedio de 4,1 mg/dl (p=0.012), el Col-T una reducción promedio de 22,7mg/dl (p=0.009) y los TG una reducción promedio de 49,7mg/dl (p=0.019). Con respecto al peso de los pacientes no se dieron cambios estadísticamente significativos.
Conclusiones: Se concluye que es posible optimizar la farmacoterapia en la mayoría de los pacientes diabéticos utilizando la metodología Dáder, los pacientes están ahora más informados con respecto a sus patologías y tratamientos, cuentan con mejores herramientas para la administración de sus medicamentos y lograron reducir de forma significativa la mayoría de sus parámetros clínicos cuantificables asociados a la enfermedad y patologías concomitantes.
Introduction: In order to validate the effectiveness of the Dader methodology as a tool to optimize the pharmacotherapy established in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients, a group of patients treated at the Central EBAIS of the Área de Salud Zarcero, Alajuela, Costa Rica that meet the selection criteria was selected. Methods: A descriptive longitudinal type study was developed over a period of six months (From October 2015 to March 2016); it worked with 16 patients with an average age of 61 years old and with 11 years of disease progression. They were given a pharmacotherapeutic follow up by using the Dader methodology, their adherence, education and knowledge of the disease was considered after assessing the main problems of each patient. Changes in clinical parameters associated with the disease and the main concomitant comorbidities after working with the tool were assessed. Results: Morisky-Green-Levine's adherence test improved the adherence in almost all patients. With the Dader methodology, 60 RNM were detected, an average of 3.75 RNM per patient were found; 38.33% of necessity, 53.33% of effectiveness and 8.33% of safety; in addition, 71 PRM were identified and 133 pharmaceutical interventions were proposed for an average of 2.2 possible interventions per RNM, 4.5% was related to the amount of medication received, 8.2% on the pharmacological strategy and 87.2% on patient education. In addition, it was measured if there were statistically significant changes to the clinical parameters associated with the disease or other concomitant pathologies, in the case of fasting glycemia there was an average reduction of 52.69 mg/dl (p=0.005); Hb1Ac 1.7% (p=0.002). Regarding high blood pressure, there were a statistically significant reduction in systolic pressure of 11mmHg (p=0.044) but without significant changes to diastolic pressure. Associated with lipid profile values, the LDL-C had an average reduction of 16.5 mg/dl (p=0.03), the HDL-C an average increase of 4.1 mg/dl (p=0.012), the Col-T an average reduction of 22.7mg/dl (p=0.009) and the TG an average reduction of 49.7mg/dl (p=0.019). Regarding the weight of patients, there were no statistically significant changes. Conclusions: It is concluded that it is possible to optimize pharmacotherapy in most diabetic patients by using the Dader methodology, patients are now more informed regarding their pathologies and treatments; they have better tools for the administration of their medicines and managed to significantly reduce most of their quantifiable clinical parameters associated with the disease and concomitant pathologies.
Introduction: In order to validate the effectiveness of the Dader methodology as a tool to optimize the pharmacotherapy established in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients, a group of patients treated at the Central EBAIS of the Área de Salud Zarcero, Alajuela, Costa Rica that meet the selection criteria was selected. Methods: A descriptive longitudinal type study was developed over a period of six months (From October 2015 to March 2016); it worked with 16 patients with an average age of 61 years old and with 11 years of disease progression. They were given a pharmacotherapeutic follow up by using the Dader methodology, their adherence, education and knowledge of the disease was considered after assessing the main problems of each patient. Changes in clinical parameters associated with the disease and the main concomitant comorbidities after working with the tool were assessed. Results: Morisky-Green-Levine's adherence test improved the adherence in almost all patients. With the Dader methodology, 60 RNM were detected, an average of 3.75 RNM per patient were found; 38.33% of necessity, 53.33% of effectiveness and 8.33% of safety; in addition, 71 PRM were identified and 133 pharmaceutical interventions were proposed for an average of 2.2 possible interventions per RNM, 4.5% was related to the amount of medication received, 8.2% on the pharmacological strategy and 87.2% on patient education. In addition, it was measured if there were statistically significant changes to the clinical parameters associated with the disease or other concomitant pathologies, in the case of fasting glycemia there was an average reduction of 52.69 mg/dl (p=0.005); Hb1Ac 1.7% (p=0.002). Regarding high blood pressure, there were a statistically significant reduction in systolic pressure of 11mmHg (p=0.044) but without significant changes to diastolic pressure. Associated with lipid profile values, the LDL-C had an average reduction of 16.5 mg/dl (p=0.03), the HDL-C an average increase of 4.1 mg/dl (p=0.012), the Col-T an average reduction of 22.7mg/dl (p=0.009) and the TG an average reduction of 49.7mg/dl (p=0.019). Regarding the weight of patients, there were no statistically significant changes. Conclusions: It is concluded that it is possible to optimize pharmacotherapy in most diabetic patients by using the Dader methodology, patients are now more informed regarding their pathologies and treatments; they have better tools for the administration of their medicines and managed to significantly reduce most of their quantifiable clinical parameters associated with the disease and concomitant pathologies.
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Keywords
Atención Farmacéutica, Diabetes Mellitus, Cumplimiento terapéutico, Adherencia terapéutica