Efecto de distintas dietas sobre el tiempo de rumia durante el periodo de predestete en reemplazos de lechería
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Fecha
2020
Tipo
artículo de revisión
Autores
Frossasco Davicini, Georgina Paola
Elizondo Salazar, Jorge Alberto
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Resumen
En ganado lechero adulto, los patrones de rumia han sido ampliamente estudiados y asociados
a niveles de consumo de materia seca, composición física-química de la dieta, estro, estado
salud y bienestar animal. No ocurre lo mismo en terneras, donde la información disponible
sobre el tiempo y los patrones de rumia es muy incipiente. El objetivo de esta revisión fue
analizar los resultados obtenidos en investigaciones donde se evaluaron los efectos de la
combinación de distintos programas de alimentación en la crianza de terneras sobre el tiempo
de rumia en las semanas previas y posteriores al destete. Además, se analizó la tasa de
crecimiento, el ambiente ruminal y el comportamiento animal alcanzado en los tratamientos
nutricionales que presentaron mayor actividad de rumia. Para lo cual se consideraron siete
investigaciones que registraron la rumia, a través de observadores calificados, durante las horas
próximas a la alimentación. El tiempo de rumia se expresó como porcentaje del tiempo total
observado y presentó un amplio rango de dispersión entre los diferentes tratamientos
nutricionales, con valores que oscilaron entre 2 y 18%. Los mayores porcentajes se alcanzaron
al suplementar con forrajes en proporciones inferiores al 10-15% de la ración. No obstante, en
algunas investigaciones, la inclusión de ciertos forrajes no generó efectos sobre el tiempo de
rumia; lo cual hace suponer que otros factores relacionados a la composición físico-química
de la dieta estarían influyendo. En general, los animales que presentaron mayor actividad de
rumia mostraron valores superiores de pH ruminal, consumo de alimento balanceado y
ganancia de peso diaria, principalmente en posdestete. Por consiguiente, el tiempo y los
patrones de rumia en terneras podría ser un indicador promisorio para monitorear la
alimentación, el ambiente ruminal y el estado de bienestar animal. No obstante, en algunas de
las investigaciones estas asociaciones no fueron encontradas o incluso se registró una menor
concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles que podría comprometer el desarrollo ruminal.
In adult dairy cattle, rumination patterns have been widely studied and associated with dry matter intake, physical-chemical composition of the diet, estrus, health status and animal welfare. The same does not occur in calves, where available information on rumination time and patterns is very incipient. The objective of this review was to analyze the results obtained in different investigations where the effects of the combination of different feeding programs in calf rearing on the rumination time before and after weaning were evaluated. In addition, growth rate, ruminal environment and animal behavior was analyzed for those treatments that presented greater rumination activity. Seven investigations were considered that recorded rumination, through qualified observers, during the hours after feeding. Rumination time was expressed as a percentage of the total observed time and presented a wide dispersion range between the different nutritional treatments, with values ranging between 2 and 18%. The highest percentages were achieved by supplementing with forages in proportions less than 10-15% of the ration. However, in some investigations, the inclusion of certain forages did not generate effects on rumination time; which suggests that other factors related to the physical-chemical composition of the diet are influencing. In general, animals that presented greater rumination activity showed higher ruminal pH values, concentrate intake and daily weight gain, mainly post-weaning. Consequently, calf rumination time and patterns could be a promising indicator for monitoring feeding, ruminal environment, and animal welfare status. However, in some of the investigations these associations were not found or even a lower concentration of volatile fatty acids was recorded, which could compromise ruminal development.
In adult dairy cattle, rumination patterns have been widely studied and associated with dry matter intake, physical-chemical composition of the diet, estrus, health status and animal welfare. The same does not occur in calves, where available information on rumination time and patterns is very incipient. The objective of this review was to analyze the results obtained in different investigations where the effects of the combination of different feeding programs in calf rearing on the rumination time before and after weaning were evaluated. In addition, growth rate, ruminal environment and animal behavior was analyzed for those treatments that presented greater rumination activity. Seven investigations were considered that recorded rumination, through qualified observers, during the hours after feeding. Rumination time was expressed as a percentage of the total observed time and presented a wide dispersion range between the different nutritional treatments, with values ranging between 2 and 18%. The highest percentages were achieved by supplementing with forages in proportions less than 10-15% of the ration. However, in some investigations, the inclusion of certain forages did not generate effects on rumination time; which suggests that other factors related to the physical-chemical composition of the diet are influencing. In general, animals that presented greater rumination activity showed higher ruminal pH values, concentrate intake and daily weight gain, mainly post-weaning. Consequently, calf rumination time and patterns could be a promising indicator for monitoring feeding, ruminal environment, and animal welfare status. However, in some of the investigations these associations were not found or even a lower concentration of volatile fatty acids was recorded, which could compromise ruminal development.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Rumia, Crianza de terneras, NUTRICIÓN ANIMAL, Nutrientes, CONSUMO, Rumination, Calf rearing, Animal nutrition, Nutrients, Intake