Gestión operativa de la Rectoría Técnica del Patronato Nacional de la Infancia, en la protección integral de los derechos humanos de las personas menores de edad, a través de los sistemas de protección integral del distrito de Liberia, provincia de Guanacaste
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Este trabajo final de investigación aplicada tiene como objetivo evaluar si la “mejor práctica” implementada por la Dirección Regional Chorotega del Patronato Nacional de la Infancia (PANI) en la gestión operativa de su Rectoría, es una metodología adecuada para garantizar la protección integral de los derechos de las personas menores de edad, tanto a nivel regional como local. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se busca generar una base teórico- metodológica, que sirva para la construcción de una propuesta operativa que permita estandarizar y formalizar el ejercicio de la rectoría del PANI, como un método de uso institucional. A partir de la investigación reflejada en el estado de la cuestión, el estudio de caso y las entrevistas semiestructuradas, se identifican nudos críticos que debilitan el ejercicio efectivo de la rectoría del Patronato Nacional de la Infancia. Se evidencia la falta de un método estandarizado y formal de la operatividad de la rectoría, así como la necesidad de fortalecer el liderazgo estratégico institucional, dentro de los sistemas de protección integral a nivel nacional, local y regional. Estos hallazgos fundamentan el planteamiento del problema de investigación: ¿Cuál es la incidencia del método de gestión operativa de la rectoría, implementado por la Dirección Regional Chorotega del Patronato Nacional de la Infancia, en la garantía de derechos humanos de las personas estudiantes del Colegio Técnico Profesional de Liberia? Del problema de investigación se desprende el objetivo general del presente trabajo, el cual es: Elaborar una guía operativa del ejercicio de la rectoría del Patronato Nacional de la Infancia, que permita la homologación metodológica institucional de la articulación intersectorial basada en el enfoque de programación en derechos humanos. Este se divide en tres objetivos específicos: 1) Evaluar si la práctica de articulación integral e intersectorial utilizada por la Dirección Regional Chorotega del Patronato Nacional de la Infancia, en la atención de la violencia en el centro educativo Colegio Técnico Profesional de Liberia, se basa en el enfoque de programación en derechos humanos. 2) Identificar el criterio de las personas estudiantes menores de edad, con respecto a la metodología utilizada por la Dirección Regional Chorotega, en la atención de la violencia en el centro ix educativo Colegio Técnico Profesional de Liberia. 3) Analizar los aportes de las personas profesionales de la Dirección Regional Chorotega del Patronato Nacional de la Infancia y protagonistas interinstitucionales e intersectoriales que participan en el proceso de rectoría, para la propuesta operativa y metodológica. El cumplimiento de los objetivos nos permite garantizar la elaboración de una propuesta garantista y efectiva, de la gestión operativa de la rectoría del PANI, apegada a los estándares internacionales del derecho humano a la educación integral y ciudadanía de las personas menores de edad. Dicha propuesta se dirige al fortalecimiento y acompañamiento de los “microsistemas” de protección; familias y personas docentes en su corresponsabilidad educativa y formativa.
This final applied research paper aims to evaluate whether the “best practice” implemented by the Chorotega Regional Directorate of the National Children’s Trust (PANI) in the operational management of its Rectorate, is an adequate methodology to guarantee the comprehensive protection of the rights of minors, both at the regional and local level. Based on the results obtained, we seek to generate a theoretical-methodological basis, which will serve to build an operational proposal that allows standardizing and formalizing the exercise of the PANI’s leadership, as a method of institutional use. Based on the research reflected in the state of the art, the case study and the semi-structured interviews, critical nodes that weaken the effective exercise of the leadership of the National Children’s Trust are identified. The lack of a standardized and formal method for the operation of the rectorship is evident, as well as the need to strengthen institutional strategic leadership within the comprehensive protection systems at the national, local and regional levels. These findings support the statement of the research problem: What is the impact of the operational management method of the rectorship, implemented by the Chorotega Regional Directorate of the National Children's Trust, on the guarantee of human rights of the students of the Technical Professional College of Liberia? The general objective of this work arises from the research problem, which is: To develop an operational guide for the exercise of the rectorship of the National Children's Trust, which allows for the institutional methodological homologation of the intersectoral articulation based on the human rights programming approach. This is divided into three specific objectives: 1) To evaluate whether the practice of comprehensive and intersectoral coordination used by the Chorotega Regional Directorate of the National Children's Trust, in addressing violence in the Liberia Technical Professional School, is based on the human rights programming approach. 2) To identify the criteria of underage students, with respect to the methodology used by the Chorotega Regional Directorate, in addressing violence in the Liberia Technical Professional School. 3) To analyze the contributions of the professionals of the Chorotega Regional Directorate of the National Children's Trust and inter-institutional and intersectoral protagonists who participate in the rectorship process, for the operational and methodological proposal. This research is based on the comprehensive protection approach enshrined in the American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San José) (1969), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990) and the Code of Childhood and Adolescence (1998), aimed at guaranteeing the protection of the human rights of minors, through the family, community and State protection systems. The human rights programming approach is considered as the basis for reflective analysis of the proposal, because it provides the following contributions to the research work: ● Mapping of protagonists: Establishment of the co-responsibility of the different protagonists. ● Comprehensive and Intersectoral Approach: Link between the guarantee of human rights with the specialized services offered by inter-institutional and intersectoral services. ● Empowerment: Seeks the empowerment of the beneficiaries, in this case the minors, their families and the teachers, all from the Technical Professional College of Liberia. The fulfillment of the objectives allows us to guarantee the elaboration of a guaranteeing and effective proposal for the operational management of the PANI rectorate, attached to the international standards of the human right to comprehensive education and citizenship of minors. This proposal is aimed at strengthening and supporting the "microsystems" of protection; families and teachers in their educational and formative co-responsibility. In the research process of the case study, critical nodes are identified, such as an adult-centered culture in the exercise of comprehensive education of minors, invisibility of the opinion of students, little knowledge about the doctrine of comprehensive protection and the human rights approach, with welfare-based and isolated responses. Aspects that are overcome with the process carried out by the Chorotega Regional Directorate, according to the evaluation carried out through the application of a semi-structured interview to the group of participants. It is important to highlight that, regarding the formulation of the proposal, the methodology was improved.
This final applied research paper aims to evaluate whether the “best practice” implemented by the Chorotega Regional Directorate of the National Children’s Trust (PANI) in the operational management of its Rectorate, is an adequate methodology to guarantee the comprehensive protection of the rights of minors, both at the regional and local level. Based on the results obtained, we seek to generate a theoretical-methodological basis, which will serve to build an operational proposal that allows standardizing and formalizing the exercise of the PANI’s leadership, as a method of institutional use. Based on the research reflected in the state of the art, the case study and the semi-structured interviews, critical nodes that weaken the effective exercise of the leadership of the National Children’s Trust are identified. The lack of a standardized and formal method for the operation of the rectorship is evident, as well as the need to strengthen institutional strategic leadership within the comprehensive protection systems at the national, local and regional levels. These findings support the statement of the research problem: What is the impact of the operational management method of the rectorship, implemented by the Chorotega Regional Directorate of the National Children's Trust, on the guarantee of human rights of the students of the Technical Professional College of Liberia? The general objective of this work arises from the research problem, which is: To develop an operational guide for the exercise of the rectorship of the National Children's Trust, which allows for the institutional methodological homologation of the intersectoral articulation based on the human rights programming approach. This is divided into three specific objectives: 1) To evaluate whether the practice of comprehensive and intersectoral coordination used by the Chorotega Regional Directorate of the National Children's Trust, in addressing violence in the Liberia Technical Professional School, is based on the human rights programming approach. 2) To identify the criteria of underage students, with respect to the methodology used by the Chorotega Regional Directorate, in addressing violence in the Liberia Technical Professional School. 3) To analyze the contributions of the professionals of the Chorotega Regional Directorate of the National Children's Trust and inter-institutional and intersectoral protagonists who participate in the rectorship process, for the operational and methodological proposal. This research is based on the comprehensive protection approach enshrined in the American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San José) (1969), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990) and the Code of Childhood and Adolescence (1998), aimed at guaranteeing the protection of the human rights of minors, through the family, community and State protection systems. The human rights programming approach is considered as the basis for reflective analysis of the proposal, because it provides the following contributions to the research work: ● Mapping of protagonists: Establishment of the co-responsibility of the different protagonists. ● Comprehensive and Intersectoral Approach: Link between the guarantee of human rights with the specialized services offered by inter-institutional and intersectoral services. ● Empowerment: Seeks the empowerment of the beneficiaries, in this case the minors, their families and the teachers, all from the Technical Professional College of Liberia. The fulfillment of the objectives allows us to guarantee the elaboration of a guaranteeing and effective proposal for the operational management of the PANI rectorate, attached to the international standards of the human right to comprehensive education and citizenship of minors. This proposal is aimed at strengthening and supporting the "microsystems" of protection; families and teachers in their educational and formative co-responsibility. In the research process of the case study, critical nodes are identified, such as an adult-centered culture in the exercise of comprehensive education of minors, invisibility of the opinion of students, little knowledge about the doctrine of comprehensive protection and the human rights approach, with welfare-based and isolated responses. Aspects that are overcome with the process carried out by the Chorotega Regional Directorate, according to the evaluation carried out through the application of a semi-structured interview to the group of participants. It is important to highlight that, regarding the formulation of the proposal, the methodology was improved.
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derechos de la niñez