Caracterización de compost a base de espinillo en relación a la Norma Chilena Nº2880.
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Tighe Neira, Ricardo
Leonelli Cantergiani, Gina
Montalba Navarro, René
Cavieres Acuña, Carolina
Morales Ulloa, Daniza
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Universidad de Costa Rica
Abstract
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El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el compost a base de espinillo (Ulex europaeus L.) y contrastar sus características físico-químicas con las de la Norma Chilena de compost (NCh 2880). El ensayo se montó en el Centro Experimental Pillanlelbún, Temuco, Chile, entre diciembre 2010 y abril de 2011. Se empleó un diseño factorial de 2×2, los factores fueron: mezcla y acelerador de compostaje (AC), ambos en dos niveles. Cuatro tratamientos: T1 U. europaeus (100%) sin AC, T2 U. europaeus (78%) + estiércol de bovino (22%) sin AC, T3 U. europaeus (100%) con AC y T4 U. europaeus (78%) + estiércol de bovino (22%) con AC. Se evaluó el contenido de materia orgánica (MO%), C orgánico total (%), relación C:N, N total (%), humedad (Hº%), tamaño partículas (TP%), toxicidad (% germinación de Raphanus sativus L.), pH, densidad aparente (DAP kg/m3), conductividad eléctrica (CE dS/m) y germinación de malezas (Nº de propágulos). Los tratamientos U. europaeus (100%) sin AC y con AC presentaron mayor %MO, %N total y relación C:N que T2 y T4. A la vez, U. europaeus (100%) sin AC, presentó un menor %C y T2 menor pH en comparación al resto de los tratamientos. Las demás variables evaluadas no presentaron diferencias significativas. Todas cumplieron con la NCh 2880, excepto toxicidad en el tratamiento con solo U. europaeus, y la CE en todos los tratamientos. Se debe reducir la CE para poder optar a su certificación por la NCh 2880.
The objective of this study was to characterize compost from Ulex europaeus L. and contrast its physical and chemical characteristics with the compost Chilean Standard (NCh 2880). The trial was set up at the Pillanlelbun Experimental Centre, Chile, from December 2010 to April 2011. The test corresponded to a 2×2 factorial design in which the factors were: mixture and the composting accelerator (AC), both at two levels. The four treatments were: T1 U. europaeus (100%) without AC, T2 U. europaeus (78%) + bovine manure (22%) without AC, T3 U. europaeus (100%) with AC and T4 U. europaeus (78%) + bovine manure (22%) with AC. The organic matter content (OM%), total C (%), C:N ratio, total N (%), moisture (Hº%), particle size (TP%), toxicity (% germination of Raphanus sativus L.), pH, bulk density (DAP kg/m3), electrical conductivity (EC ds/m) and weed germination (N° of propagules) was evaluated. The main results indicate that T1 and T3 had higher %OM, total %N and C:N ratio than T2 and T4, simultaneously. T1 had a lower %C and T2 a lower pH compared to all other treatments. Other variables evaluated were not significantly different. All variables meet the NCh 2880, except toxicity in the treatment with U. europaeus without AC, and EC in all treatments. Research should be aimed at reducing the EC, in order to be eligible for certification by the NCh 2880.
The objective of this study was to characterize compost from Ulex europaeus L. and contrast its physical and chemical characteristics with the compost Chilean Standard (NCh 2880). The trial was set up at the Pillanlelbun Experimental Centre, Chile, from December 2010 to April 2011. The test corresponded to a 2×2 factorial design in which the factors were: mixture and the composting accelerator (AC), both at two levels. The four treatments were: T1 U. europaeus (100%) without AC, T2 U. europaeus (78%) + bovine manure (22%) without AC, T3 U. europaeus (100%) with AC and T4 U. europaeus (78%) + bovine manure (22%) with AC. The organic matter content (OM%), total C (%), C:N ratio, total N (%), moisture (Hº%), particle size (TP%), toxicity (% germination of Raphanus sativus L.), pH, bulk density (DAP kg/m3), electrical conductivity (EC ds/m) and weed germination (N° of propagules) was evaluated. The main results indicate that T1 and T3 had higher %OM, total %N and C:N ratio than T2 and T4, simultaneously. T1 had a lower %C and T2 a lower pH compared to all other treatments. Other variables evaluated were not significantly different. All variables meet the NCh 2880, except toxicity in the treatment with U. europaeus without AC, and EC in all treatments. Research should be aimed at reducing the EC, in order to be eligible for certification by the NCh 2880.