Nutrición

URI permanente para esta colección

https://hdl.handle.net/10669/248

Examinar

Mostrando 1 - 20 de 286

Dataset for manuscript "Skimmed, Lactose-Free Milk Ingestion Postexercise: Rehydration Effectiveness and Gastrointestinal Disturbances Versus Water and a Sports Drink in Physically Active People"
(2024-08) Aragón Vargas, Luis Fernando; Garzón Mosquera, Julián Camilo; Montoya Arroyo, Johnny A.
This is the complete dataset used for the publication Skimmed, Lactose-Free Milk Ingestion Postexercise: Rehydration Effectiveness and Gastrointestinal Disturbances Versus Water and a Sports Drink in Physically Active People. The header for each variable (column) includes a comment explaining it. For complete methods, please see the complete manuscript in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0253
Leche como bebida hidratante
(2024-07-24) Aragón Vargas, Luis Fernando; Gutiérrez Espeleta, Gustavo A.
En esta entrevista del programa CONCIENCIA, el Dr. Gustavo Gutiérrez Espeleta entrevista al Dr. Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas acerca del trabajo que se realiza en el Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano de la UCR y, específicamente, sobre las investigaciones acerca de la leche descremada y deslactosada como una buena alternativa para la hidratación durante y después de la actividad física. Se presentan resultados sobre su ingesta voluntaria y efectividad como rehidratante, además de las evaluaciones de posibles trastornos gastrointestinales.
Protein or amino acid supplementation on the physical performance of athletes: A meta-analysis
(2024) Portuguez Molina, Priscilla; Aragón Vargas, Luis Fernando
It is known that protein supplementation in the general population has effects on strength, muscle mass and improvements in sports performance. Since athletes vary their characteristics from the general population; protein supplementation should be studied in more detail on them. There are few studies on endurance athletes in the area and this specific group could benefit from increasing their protein intake. PURPOSE: To determine the effect size of protein or amino acid supplementation on sports performance of endurance athletes (triathlon, swimming, cycling and running); through the meta-analytic technique. METHODS: PRISMA guidelines were followed. A systematic literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMEd, EBSCO Host (Academic Search Ultimate, Fuente Académica Plus, MEDLINE with full text, SPORTDiscus with full text) and Web of Science. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies that investigated the effects of protein or amino acids chronic supplementation on the physical performance of athletes of four different sports were included. Within-group comparisons were made to calculate effect sizes (ES), using the random effect model. RESULTS: After the initial search, 376 full-text articles were reviewed and a total of 27 studies that met all the criteria were included, for a total of 118 effect sizes: 60 for the experimental group and 58 for the control. When performing the global ES analysis, a value of 0.166 was obtained (p=0.007; CI = 0.045 to 0.287; Q = 43.586; I2 =0) for the experimental group and 0.057 (p=0.364; CI = -0.066 to 0.180; Q = 15.516; I2 =0) for the control group. Moderator variables were analyzed. Variables like sex, sport level, type of performance, ingestion time for the supplementation, among others; revealed a significant ES in some subgroups. Funnel Plot graph and the Egger test did not reveal presence of bias. CONCLUSION: When supplementing with protein or amino acids, certain variables that can change their effect on physical performance must be evaluated. Nutritional evaluation during the supplementation period should be considered as an essential part of the intervention as it could be a factor that limits the benefits of supplementation with protein or amino acids.
July 2024 - nutrition: rehydration, fluid balance, lactose-free milk
(2024-07-15) Dupont, Gregory; Aragón Vargas, Luis Fernando
Interview with Luis Aragón-Vargas, first author of the paper (Aragon-Vargas et al (2024). Skimmed, Lactose-Free Milk Ingestion Postexercise: Rehydration Effectiveness and Gastrointestinal Disturbances Versus Water and a Sports Drink in Physically Active People. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism.), who is affiliated at Human Movement Science Research Center (CIMOHU-UCR), University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose, Costa Rica. Dehydration during prolonged exercise presents challenges for athletic performance and overall health. Intense physical activity, especially in hot environments, leads to fluid and electrolyte loss, resulting in adverse effects like muscle fatigue, impaired cognitive function, and heat-related illnesses. Effective strategies for prompt fluid and electrolyte replenishment are essential for maintaining body homeostasis and supporting optimal recovery.
Generation of analytical food composition data for traditionally consumed fruits and vegetables in Costa Rica
(2023-07-25) Hidalgo Víquez, Cindy; Cortés Herrera, Carolina; Cerdas Nuñez, Milena
The objective of this research was to generate food composition data for fruits and vegetables of traditional consumption in Costa Rica. The sampling plan was carried out considering seasonality, producing areas, commercialization, and cultivar. The number of primary samples (n) was determined using Cochran’s formula with a coefficient of variation of 12% and a maximum estimated error (r) of 5% for the content of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables. The samples were collected in wholesale markets of Costa Rica. Eleven foods were analyzed in the form that they are usually consumed. A determination of mass (g), size (cm), and edible fraction, was made, and the following nutrients were analyzed (in triplicate): protein, fat, fatty acid profile, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, content of minerals (Na, Ca, K, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Se), fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. The analyzed foods were Cas (Costa Rican guava, Psidium friedrichsthalianum), Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis), Jocote (Spondias purpurea), Sweet lime (Citrus limettioides), Water apple (Syzygium malaccense), Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) and Tacaco (Sechium tacaco). Tacaco is endemic to Costa Rica. Most of these fruits and vegetables provide significant amounts of fiber, some minerals, and vitamins, especially vitamin C.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre gestión de alérgenos alimentarios en servicios de alimentación de la Universidad de Costa Rica
(2023-06-30) Peña Vásquez, Marcela; López Calvo, Rebeca; Hidalgo Víquez, Cindy María; Martínez Jaikel, Tatiana
Antecedentes: la alergia alimentaria genera un efecto adverso en la salud derivado de una respuesta inmunológica anormal que se presenta después de una exposición a ciertas proteínas de los alimentos. En algunos casos, puede ocasionar síntomas graves e incluso la muerte. Actualmente, se considera un problema de salud pública, que cuenta con escasos estudios en Latinoamérica y Costa Rica. Objetivo: determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre alérgenos alimentarios, y su gestión, que tienen los manipuladores de alimentos y que laboran en los servicios de alimentación de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos: estudio fenomenológico (alérgenos alimentarios y su gestión), mediante entrevista estructurada a encargados de servicios de alimentación y grupos focales con trabajadores operativos y concesionarios de 11 comedores. Resultados: se identificaron conocimientos adecuados y actitud positiva, pero con una limitada aplicación de las prácticas por parte de los manipuladores de alimentos, lo que coincide con la poca ejecución de medidas preventivas sobre alérgenos en los servicios de alimentación al público. Conclusiones: los conocimientos y actitudes se encuentran estrechamente relacionados; sin embargo, se observa poca aplicación en las prácticas, lo cual podría deberse a limitaciones de recursos como equipo, infraestructura y a la ausencia de regulación y capacitación específicas.
Plataforma de servicios nutricionales ofrecida a través de dispositivos móviles para el monitoreo de metas relacionadas con alimentación saludable
(2014) Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Quesada López, Christian; Zúñiga Flores, Giselle; Chinnock Mc'Neil, Anne Eliza; Jenkins Coronas, Marcelo
La prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad en Costa Rica ha aumentado en los últimos años. La obesidad está asociada a más de 30 enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, dentro de las cuales destacan la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus y las dislipidemias. La Estrategia Mundial sobre Alimentación, Actividad Física y Salud reconoce la alimentación poco saludable y la falta de actividad física, como los principales factores de riesgo asociados a dichas enfermedades, lo cual justifca la necesidad de tomar acciones que contribuyan a la mejora de los hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física de la población. El establecimiento de metas y auto monitoreo de las mismas son destrezas importantes para lograr cambios conductuales que infuyen en el peso corporal, y la tecnología mediada por dispositivos móviles podría coadyuvar en la adquisición y el reforzamiento de dichas destrezas. Este artículo describe una propuesta de investigación para el desarrollo de una plataforma de servicios nutricionales ofrecida a través de dispositivos móviles para el monitoreo de metas relacionadas con alimentación saludable. La propuesta contempla el diseño y la implementación de la plataforma, así como su posterior validación con usuarios expertos en el área de nutrición y evaluación con usuarios fnales.
Design, development and validation of a mobile application for goal setting and self-monitoring of dietary behaviors
(2016) Quesada López, Christian; Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Zúñiga Flores, Giselle; Chinnock Mc'Neil, Anne Eliza; Jenkins Coronas, Marcelo
The potential of mobile technologies are being used increasingly has not been fully exploited in relation to health research. There are Application (app) stores have thousands of healthrelated apps in the market, but generally, what is available publicly has not been fully evaluated by experts. This paper presents a case study where Human-Computer Interaction techniques and agile methodologies were applied in the design, development and validation of a health system in an interdisciplinary project. The system consisted of a mobile software platform that includes a nutrition mobile application for dietary self-monitoring based on behavioral change techniques. The essential background on behavioral change is provided. The application was designed using contextual design and other DCU methodologies. The system architecture and the main features of the end user mobile application are shown. The prototype was evaluated by nutrition domain experts and the preliminary results suggest that the application can improve the nutrition care process by facilitating a more effective communication between nutritionists and patients.
Current use and perceived usefulness of mobile technologies in the practice of dietetics in Costa Rica
(2019) Quesada López, Christian; Zúñiga Flores, Giselle; Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Jenkins Coronas, Marcelo
Over the past 15 years, there has been an increase in the use of information and communication technologies in the field health (eHealth), in particular regarding mobile technologies (mHealth). However, little is known about how nutritionists have such technologies in their practice in Costa Rica. The objective of this study was to identify how nutritionists use mobile technologies, as well as the perceived usefulness of different services that could be incorporated in their practice. We conducted an online survey, and the responses of 185 nutritionists were analyzed. Of the sample, 69.7% perceived that the use of mobile devices in nutrition is "very important" and "very useful" (77.3%) as a support to the nutrition care process. Although 79.5% showed their willingness to offer personalized mobile services, the use of such services in practice is scarce. According to our results, here are opportunities for the implementation of mobile technology services in areas such as the electronic health file, the self-monitoring of goal progress by the patient, as well as and reminders by the nutritionist.
Implementation of a regulatory food policy to reduce availability of energy-dense foods in Costa Rican high schools
(2021) Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Gonzalez, Wendy; Bolaños Palmieri, Carolina; Monge Rojas, Rafael; Frongillo, Edward A.
Objective: To assess the extent to which mandatory Guidelines to improve the school food environment were being implemented in Costa Rican high schools and to explore the perspectives of key policy actors towards the Guidelines. Design: Semi-structured interviews and site observations. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and imported to NVivo 12 for analysis. Inductive and deductive themes were identified, and elements of the RE-AIM framework and the social process framework were used when classifying these themes. Setting: Sixteen public high schools in San José, Costa Rica. Participants: High school principal and kiosk concessionaires Results: Products that did not adhere to the Guidelines were still widely available in schools, and amongst the most prevalent challenges to implementation that emerged from our interviews, were a lack of understanding of the policy content, a lack of monitoring and accountability, and competing values amongst actors which affected their views on the role that the school must have in offering a healthy food environment. Conclusion: Most products offered in high schools did not meet the criteria required by the mandatory Guidelines, and several contextual factors were found to influence implementation. Strengthening the implementation of the Costa Rican Guidelines will require further actions at the governmental and school levels.
Television, food, and beverage marketing to children in Costa Rica: current state and policy implications
(2019) Zamora Corrales, Irina; Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Vandevijvere, Stephanie; Ramírez Zea, Manuel; Kroker Lobos, María Fernanda
Objective: To examine the frequency of television (TV) food and beverage advertisements (F&B ads) to which children (4–11 years) are likely exposed and the nutrient profile of products advertised. Design: TV broadcasting between September and November 2016 was recorded (288 h of children’s programming; 288 h of family programming) resulting in 8980 advertisements, of which 1862 were F&B ads. Of those, 1473 could be classified into one of the seventeen food groups, and into permitted/non-permitted according to the WHO-EU nutrient profile model. Persuasive marketing techniques used were also identified. Setting: TV programming was recorded for four weekdays and four weekend days, between 06.00 and 00.00 hours (576 total hours), for four channels (two national and two cable), in Costa Rica. Results: Mean (SD) number of F&B ads/h was greater in cable than national channels (3·7 (0·4) v. 2·8 (0·4), P < 0·05) and during children’s peak viewing hours (4·4 (0·4) v. 2·9 (0·3)). Of F&B ads classified with WHO-EU nutrient profile model (n 1473, 71·1 %), 91·1 % were non-permitted to be marketed to children. Categories most frequently advertised were ready-made/convenience foods (16 %), chocolates/confectionery/desserts (15 %), breakfast cereals (14 %), beverages (15 %), edible ices (9 %) and salty snacks (8 %). Non-permitted F&B ads were more likely to use promotional characters, brand benefit claims, and nutrition and health claims than permitted F&B ads. Conclusions: Children watching popular TV channels in Costa Rica are exposed to a high number of unhealthy F&B ads daily. Our findings help justify the need for regulatory actions by national authorities.
Estimación del peso de porciones de alimentos ilustrados en fotografías digitales
(2020) Solano Piedra, Alison; Chinnock Mc'Neil, Anne Eliza; González Urrutia, Rocío; Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Cerdas Núñez, Milena María
Objetivo: evaluar el uso de fotografías digitales para estimar el peso de diferentes preparaciones de alimentos. Metodología: se compraron 102 platos servidos como almuerzos, desayunos y repostería de 52 establecimientos comerciales en San Pedro de Montes de Oca, se pesaron y fotografiaron los alimentos servidos, resultando un total de 261 porciones de alimentos. Al recibir por correo las imágenes digitales de los platos de comida, se estimó el peso de cada alimento por medio de una comparación con un manual de fotografías estándar. El proceso de pesaje y fotografiado de los alimentos fue realizado de forma independiente del proceso de estimación del peso. Para comparar los pesos reales y los pesos estimados se utilizó la prueba t de Student y coeficientes de correlación. Resultados: para 6 de los 11 tipos de alimentos, el peso estimado presentado en una imagen digital no fue significativamente diferente al peso real y ambos valores tenían un grado de asociación significativo. En el caso de los otros 5 tipos de alimentos que consistían en preparaciones con un mayor número de ingredientes, hubo diferencias significativas entre los pesos estimados y los pesos reales. Conclusión: en el caso de alimentos simples o con pocos ingredientes, ilustrados en fotografías digitales, su peso se estimó con suficiente exactitud; no así para preparaciones con varios ingredientes. Se requiere más investigación antes de recomendar su uso en encuestas de consumo de alimentos.
Participating in a food-assisted maternal and child nutrition and health program in rural Guatemala alters household dietary choices
(2016) Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Frongillo, Edward A.; Leroy, Jef L.; Blake, Christine E.
Background: Food assistance programs may alter food choices, but factors determining households! decisions regarding food acquisition, preparation, and consumption in the context of food aid are not well understood. Objective: This study aimed to understand how the Programa Comunitario Materno Infantil de Diversificacion Alimentaria ´ (Mother–Child Community Food Diversification Program; PROCOMIDA), a food-assisted maternal and child health and nutrition program in rural Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, altered household food choices. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews and focus groups with 63 households in 3 participating (n = 32 households) and 3 control (n = 31) villages. A last-day food recall (without estimating quantities) and food-frequency questionnaire that used food cards assessed dietary choices. Qualitative analysis used thematic a priori and emergent coding; food group consumption frequencies were analyzed by using 2-level, logistic, mixed modeling, and chi-square testing while accounting for community clustering. Results: Compared with control households, PROCOMIDA changed household food choices through a combination of providing food resources (with monthly food rations) and new knowledge and skills related to health and food (in the program!s behavior change communication component) while reinforcing existing knowledge and beliefs. PROCOMIDA families consumed rice, red beans, and oil more frequently than did control families (differences of 2.20 (P < 0.001), 2.68 (P < 0.001), and 1.64 (P = 0.038) times/wk, respectively); these foods were in the rations. PROCOMIDA families also ate chicken, local plants, and some vegetables more frequently. The importance of these foods was emphasized in the behavioral change communication component; these foods may have been more accessible because provision of food rations freed resources. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that if a program provides food free of cost to rural indigenous families in the context of a maternal and child nutrition and health program, it may be important to include a well-designed behavioral change communication component to improve household food choices
Adaptation and validation of the nutrition environment measures survey in stores (NEMS-S) in Costa Rica
(2022) Golfin, Francesca; Murillo, Carla; Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Frongillo, Edward A.
This study adapted and validated the NEMS-S in Costa Rica. Twenty-nine food stores were assessed, three times, by two raters. Inter-rater precision and intra-rater stability were quantified. Construct validity was determined with the known-groups method. Relative precision ranged from 0.54 to 0.77 and was 0.87 for total score. Relative stability ranged from 0.58 to 0.96 and was 0.94 for total score. For construct validity, the hypothesized relationship that supermarkets would have the highest scores was supported. The instrument has moderate to excellent precision and stability, has construct validity, and can be useful to develop policies that encourage healthy environments in food stores.
Aspectos importantes a incorporar en una aplicación móvil para la adherencia al tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Costa Rica según pacientes y profesionales de salud
(2016) Porras Leiva, Yulissa; Richmond Solera, Daniela; García Calvo, María Fernanda; Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena
Antecedentes: la diabetes mellitus (DM) afecta al 12,8 % de los costarricenses. Recientemente, se ha presentado en Costa Rica un auge en el uso de tecnología móvil que permite innovar en el campo de aplicaciones móviles para la diabétes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Objetivo: explorar las perspectivas de pacientes y profesionales de la salud sobre los aspectos que podría contener una aplicación móvil para apoyar la adherencia del tratamiento en pacientes con DM2 en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos: se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo para explorar la perspectiva de los participantes respecto al diseño de una aplicación móvil para DM2. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales a 16 pacientes con DM2; y entrevistas semiestructuradas a 12 profesionales en salud (nutricionistas, enfermeras y médicos endocrinólogos). Resultados: solo dos pacientes habían utilizado una aplicación móvil para la DM2, y dos profesionales han recomendado su uso. Ambos grupos tienen intención de utilizar esta herramienta. La función de común interés es el registro de glucemia, aunque también se mencionaron otras. Los profesionales recomiendan supervisión continua en el uso de estas aplicaciones móviles. Conclusiones: los posibles usuarios brindan información valiosa con respecto a sus necesidades y expectativas de una aplicación móvil para DM2 para Costa Rica. La sencillez y el hecho de ser una aplicación móvil adaptada a Costa Rica son las características deseables más mencionadas.
Are U.S. food and beverage companies now advertising healthy products to children on television? An evaluation of improvements in industry self-regulation, 2017–2021
(2023) Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Fleming Milici, Frances; Harris, Jennifer L.
Background Through the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI), U.S. food companies pledge to only advertise healthier products in children’s television (TV) programming, but previous research shows that highly advertised products do not qualify as nutritious according to independent nutrition criteria. In 2020, the CFBAI implemented stricter nutrition criteria for products that may be advertised to children, but the potential impact of these changes has not been assessed. This observational study evaluates (1) improvements in energy and individual nutrient composition of products that companies indicated may be advertised to children (i.e., CFBAIlisted products) in 2020 versus 2017, (2) amount of advertising on children’s TV for CFBAI-listed versus other products in 2021, and 3) the nutrition quality of advertised versus non-advertised CFBAI-listed products. Methods Data include energy, saturated fat, sodium, and sugar content and overall nutrition quality (Nutrition Profle Index [NPI] scores) of CFBAI-listed products in 2017 (n=308) and 2020 (n=245). Nielsen data provided total ad spend‑ ing and children’s exposure to ads on children’s TV channels for all foods and beverages in 2021. Results From 2017 to 2021, energy, saturated fat and sugar declined for CFBAI-listed products in three of six food categories (yogurt, sweet and salty snacks). Although CFBAI-listed products accounted for 79% of food ads viewed by children on children’s TV channels, just 50% of CFBAI-listed food and 36% of drink brands were advertised on children’s TV. Moreover, advertised products were signifcantly less nutritious than non-advertised CFBAI-listed products. Conclusion Despite revised nutrition standards and improvements in nutrient content of some product categories, participating companies continued to primarily advertise nutritionally poor food and beverages on children’s TV. CFBAI companies have not delivered on their promises to advertise healthier products to children.
TV advertising and dietary intake in adolescents: a pre- and post- study of Chile’s Food Marketing Policy
(2021) Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Dillman Carpentier, Francesca R.; Adair, Linda; Corvalán, Camila; Popkin, Barry Michael; Taillie, Lindsey Smith
Background: The first phase of a comprehensive marketing policy was implemented in Chile in 2016. The policy restricted child-directed marketing of foods and beverages considered high in energy, total sugars, sodium or saturated fat (“high-in”). The objective of this study was to examine the role of high-in TV food advertising as a mediator in the association between policy implementation and consumption of high-in foods and beverages between 2016 and 2017. Methods: Dietary data were from 24-hour diet recalls collected in 2016 and 2017 in a cohort of 12–14 y children (n = 721). Television use was assessed concurrently and linked to analyses of food advertisements on broadcast and paid television to derive individual-level estimates of exposure to high-in food advertising. A multilevel mediation analysis examined direct and indirect effects of the policy through advertising exposure. Results: Following the policy implementation, high-in advertising exposure was significantly reduced (p < 0.01). High-in food intake decreased in adolescents with lower levels, but not higher levels, of high-in advertising at baseline. We did not find evidence of mediation by changes in high-in ad exposure. Conclusions: Adolescents’ exposure to high-in TV advertising decreased after the 2016 implementation of the Chilean Food Labeling and Marketing Law. However, evidence that changes in advertisement mediated dietary changes was not found. Further research is needed to understand how marketing changes will relate to dietary changes after full implementation of the law and in the long term.
Food environment solutions for childhood obesity in Latin America and among Latinos living in the United States
(2021) Duran, Ana Clara; Mialon, Melissa; Crosbie, Eric; Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Harris, Jennifer L.; Batis, Carolina; Corvalán, Camila; Taillie, Lindsey Smith
The food environment is a major contributor to unhealthy diets in children and, therefore, to the increasing rates of obesity. Acclaimed by scholars across the world, Latin American countries have been leaders in implementing policies that target different aspects of the food environment. Evidence on the nature and to what extent children are exposed and respond to unhealthy food environments in the region and among Latinos in the United States is, however, deficient. The objective of this review is to use the integrated International Network for Food and Obesity/noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) framework to create healthy food environment to (i) compare the key elements of childhood obesity-related food environments in Latin America and for Latinos living in the United States; (ii) describe the evidence on solutions to improve childhood obesity-related food environments; and (iii) identify research priorities to inform solutions to fight childhood obesity in these populations. We found that an integrated body of evidence is needed to inform an optimal package of policies to improve food environments to which children in Latin America and Latino children in the United States are exposed and more efficiently translate policy solutions to help curb growing childhood obesity levels across borders.
Snacking patterns among Chilean children and adolescents: is there potential for improvement?
(2019) Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Corvalán, Camila; Reyes, Marcela; Popkin, Barry Michael; Taillie, Lindsey Smith
Objective: To examine snacking patterns, food sources and nutrient profiles of snacks in low- and middle-income Chilean children and adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional. Dietary data were collected via 24 h food recalls. We determined the proportion of snackers, snacks per day and energy from top food and beverage groups consumed. We compared the nutrient profile (energy, sodium, total sugars and saturated fat) of snacks v. meals. Setting: South-east region of Chile. Participants: Children and adolescents from two cohorts: the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n 958, 4–6 years old) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n 752, 12–14 years old). Results: With a mean of 2·30 (SE 0·03) snacks consumed daily, 95·2 % of children and 89·9 % of adolescents reported at least one snacking event. Snacks contributed on average 1506 kJ/d (360 kcal/d) in snacking children and 2218 kJ/d (530 kcal/d) in snacking adolescents (29·0 and 27·4 % daily energy contribution, respectively). Grain-based desserts, salty snacks, other sweets and desserts, dairy foods and cereal-based foods contributed the most energy from snacks in the overall sample. For meals, cereal-based foods, dairy beverages, meat and meat substitutes, oils and fats, and fruits and vegetables were the top energy contributors. Conclusions: Widespread snacking among Chilean youth provides over a quarter of their daily energy and includes foods generally considered high in energy, saturated fat, sodium and/or total sugars. Future research should explore whether snacking behaviours change as the result of Chile’s national regulations on food marketing, labelling and school environments.
Junk food consumption trends point to the need for retail policies
(2021) Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena; Schwartz, Marlene B.
The term “junk food” is generally understood to include processed foods and beverages that are high in calories, added sugars, sodium, and saturated fat (1). These products are harmful because excessive consumption is associated with increased risk of negative health outcomes (e.g., obesity, hypertension, and cancer) (2). In response, a range of strategies have been tried to discourage consumption of these foods, ranging from guidance in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to limit calories from these foods, to the USDA’s “Smart Snacks” regulations that control what can be sold in schools, to industry self-regulation promises to improve the nutritional quality of products marketed to children. But have things gotten better?

Examinar

Envíos recientes