Propuesta metodológica para la predicción climática estacional del veranillo en la cuenca del río Tempisque en el Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica
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Alfaro Martínez, Eric J.
Hidalgo León, Hugo G.
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Abstract
El ciclo anual de la precipitación en la vertiente del Pacífico de América Central, se caracteriza por tener dos máximos, uno entre mayo-junio y el otro entre setiembre-octubre, además de una estación seca de noviembre a abril y un periodo corto en el que las lluvias disminuyen durante julio-agosto, conocido como veranillo o canícula. En este trabajo se estudia la predictibilidad del veranillo, utilizando cuatro registros de precipitación diarios de las estaciones meteorológicas de Nicoya, Santa Cruz, Bagaces y Liberia, para el periodo 1937-2010 y localizadas en la cuenca del río Tempisque, provincia de Guanacaste, vertiente del Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica en América Central. Dentro de los aspectos considerados están la predictibilidad de la magnitud e intensidad del veranillo. Se explora la modulación de estos aspectos por fuentes de variabilidad climática asociadas con el Pacífico ecuatorial del Este (ENOS) y al océano Atlántico (AMO), incluyendo su variabilidad interanual y decenal. Cuando las anomalías normalizadas de ambos índices se comparan, se encontró que los eventos cálidos (fríos) del ENOS tienden a estar asociados con condiciones más (menos) secas durante el veranillo y estas condiciones se refuerzan cuando están asociados a su vez con condiciones de anomalías negativas (positivas) del AMO.
On the Pacific slope of Central America, the precipitation annual cycle is characterized by two rainfall maxima in MayJune and September-October, an extended dry season from November to April, and a shorter reduced precipitation period during July-August known as Mid-Summer Drought (MSD) or “veranillo” and “canícula” in Spanish. Four daily gauge stations records, e.g. Nicoya, Santa Cruz, Liberia and Bagaces, located in the Tempisque river basin, province of Guanacaste, North Pacific slope of Costa Rica in Central America, were studied to explore the predictability of the MSD from 1937 to 2010. Among the aspects considered are the predictability of the MSD intensity and depth of the minimum. The modulation of these aspects by climate variability sources such as the Equatorial Eastern Pacific (ENSO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) was lately explored, including their interannual and decadal variability. When the normalized comparison is performed between the indices, it was found that warm (cool) ENSO events tend to be associated with dry (wet) MSD conditions and this condition is reinforced during periods with negative (positive) AMO anomalies.
On the Pacific slope of Central America, the precipitation annual cycle is characterized by two rainfall maxima in MayJune and September-October, an extended dry season from November to April, and a shorter reduced precipitation period during July-August known as Mid-Summer Drought (MSD) or “veranillo” and “canícula” in Spanish. Four daily gauge stations records, e.g. Nicoya, Santa Cruz, Liberia and Bagaces, located in the Tempisque river basin, province of Guanacaste, North Pacific slope of Costa Rica in Central America, were studied to explore the predictability of the MSD from 1937 to 2010. Among the aspects considered are the predictability of the MSD intensity and depth of the minimum. The modulation of these aspects by climate variability sources such as the Equatorial Eastern Pacific (ENSO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) was lately explored, including their interannual and decadal variability. When the normalized comparison is performed between the indices, it was found that warm (cool) ENSO events tend to be associated with dry (wet) MSD conditions and this condition is reinforced during periods with negative (positive) AMO anomalies.
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Veranillo, Canícula, Variabilidad climática, Tempisque, Predicción climática estacional, Análisis categórico, América Central, Mid summer drought, Climate variability, Tempisque, Seasonal climate prediction, Categorical analysis, Central America, 551.672 87 Climatología y estado atmosférico
Citation
http://cglobal.imn.ac.cr/index.php/publications/3626/