Factores Angiogénicos como Predictores en el Diagnóstico de la Restricción del Crecimiento Intrauterino: Un Meta-análisis y Revisión Sistemática
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Cordero Moreno, Isabella
Víquez Víquez, Marcela
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Introducción: El estudio de los factores angiogénicos es un campo en el que se ha realizado mayor investigación durante los últimos años. Esto es así debido a la importancia que se ha encontrado en la participación de estos biomarcadores de función placentaria: la tirosina kinasa-1 soluble tipo fms (sFlt-1) y el factor de crecimiento placentario (FCP o PlGF).
Se ha visto que en embarazos que presentan una placentación anormal, dichos marcadores se alteran. Esto se ve relacionado con el riesgo de presentar a futuro diversas patologías, tales como preeclampsia y restricción de crecimiento intrauterino.
Hoy en día a nivel internacional y nacional se toman muestras de factores angiogénicos en ciertas pacientes en las que se sospecha podrían presentar patología obstétrica de causa placentaria. Por tanto, el objetivo es encontrar la población que podría estar en riesgo de presentar un efecto adverso en el embarazo causado por estas enfermedades y así tomar las precauciones necesarias, además de realizar un diagnóstico y manejo tempranos.
El objetivo de este metaanálisis es encontrar la relación entre la alteración de la relación sFlt-1/PlGF y el riesgo de presentar como efecto adverso del embarazo una restricción de crecimiento intrauterino.
Resultados: Según el análisis de los distintos estudios seleccionados, la especificidad, la cual se demostró que corresponde 97%,a lo cual tiene una relación significativa con la relación sFlt-1/PlGF y por tanto, es de utilidad para encontrar pacientes libres de enfermedad. Por el contrario, la sensibilidad, cuyo valor determinado fue de 35%, no tiene esta correlación, por lo que no se debe realizar un diagnóstico de restricción de crecimiento intrauterino en caso de presentar un resultado alterado.
Conclusiones: Se concluye que la normalidad de la sFlt-1/PlGF descarta de forma confiable una patología placentaria de fondo en una paciente embarazada, en este estudio realizado se refiere específicamente a la restricción de crecimiento intrauterino.
Introduction: The study of angiogenic factors is a field in which more research has been developed during recent years, due to the importance in the involvement of two placental function biomarkers: soluble fms-type tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF). It has been observed in the context of a patient with abnormal placentation that these biomarkers are altered which relates with the risk of developing a variety of pathologies in the future, such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Currently at international and national standards, angiogenic factors should be sampled in certain patients with suspected obstetric pathologies secondary to a placental malfunction and therefore, the objective is to find the population that could be at risk of developing an adverse pregnancy outcome caused by these diseases and thus, take the necessary precautions, in addition to make an early diagnosis and management. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine the relationship between the alteration of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and the risk of presenting intrauterine growth restriction as an adverse pregnancy outcome. Results: According to the analysis of the selected studies for this meta-analysis, specificity was of 97%, having a significant relationship with the sFlt-1/PIGF ratio and therefore, it is useful to find disease-free patients. On the contrary, sensitivity was of 35%, which was not significant. Therefore, a diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction should not be made if an altered result is obtained. Conclusions: It is concluded that a normal sFlt-1/PlGF ratio reliably rules out an underlying placental pathology in pregnant patients, in the context of intrauterine growth restriction.
Introduction: The study of angiogenic factors is a field in which more research has been developed during recent years, due to the importance in the involvement of two placental function biomarkers: soluble fms-type tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF). It has been observed in the context of a patient with abnormal placentation that these biomarkers are altered which relates with the risk of developing a variety of pathologies in the future, such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Currently at international and national standards, angiogenic factors should be sampled in certain patients with suspected obstetric pathologies secondary to a placental malfunction and therefore, the objective is to find the population that could be at risk of developing an adverse pregnancy outcome caused by these diseases and thus, take the necessary precautions, in addition to make an early diagnosis and management. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine the relationship between the alteration of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and the risk of presenting intrauterine growth restriction as an adverse pregnancy outcome. Results: According to the analysis of the selected studies for this meta-analysis, specificity was of 97%, having a significant relationship with the sFlt-1/PIGF ratio and therefore, it is useful to find disease-free patients. On the contrary, sensitivity was of 35%, which was not significant. Therefore, a diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction should not be made if an altered result is obtained. Conclusions: It is concluded that a normal sFlt-1/PlGF ratio reliably rules out an underlying placental pathology in pregnant patients, in the context of intrauterine growth restriction.
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factores angiogénicos, placenta, restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, RCIU, sFLT-1, FCP, PlGF, preeclampsia