Abordaje terapéutico del Síndrome Metabólico en Atención Primaria: Análisis basado en la evidencia científica (2020-2025)
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Introducción: El Síndrome Metabólico corresponde a una condición con importante crecimiento en la población mundial, alcanzando cifras de hasta un 25 % de la población. Presentando un fenómeno de sinergia entre sus componentes (obesidad abdominal, elevación de los triglicéridos, bajo colesterol HDL, hipertensión y elevación de la glicemia). Representa una importante oportunidad de identificación temprana y de acción desde la Atención Primaria en Salud.
Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación consistió en analizar la evidencia más reciente sobre el tratamiento del Síndrome Metabólico determinando cuales estrategias pueden ser implementadas desde la Atención Primaria en Salud en Costa Rica.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de evidencia relacionada desde enero 2020 hasta febrero 2025 en las bases de datos Cochrane y PubMed. Inicialmente se identificaron 2229 artículos y luego de verificar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión; finalmente se analizaron 4 Revisiones Sistemáticas no Metaanalíticas y 13 Ensayos Controlados Aleatorizados.
Resultados: Se identificaron estudios tanto de tratamiento farmacológico como no farmacológico, así como también estrategias con una combinación las cuales pueden ser implementadas.
Conclusiones: El Síndrome Metabólico requiere un abordaje integral con intervenciones en su tratamiento que incluyan cambios en el estilo de vida, así como también tratamiento farmacológico. Desde la Atención Primaria en Salud se pueden implementar estas medidas.
Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome is a condition that has seen significant growth in the global population, affecting up to 25% of individuals. It presents a synergy among its components (abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and elevated blood glucose). This condition represents a crucial opportunity for early identification and intervention from Primary Health Care. Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the most recent evidence regarding the treatment of Metabolic Syndrome, determining which strategies can be implemented from Primary Health Care in Costa Rica. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of related evidence was conducted from January 2020 to February 2025 in the Cochrane and PubMed databases. Initially, 2,229 articles were identified, and after verifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4 non-meta-analytic systematic reviews and 13 randomized controlled trials were analyzed. Results: Studies were identified that addressed both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, as well as strategies that combine these approaches and can be implemented. Conclusions: Metabolic Syndrome requires a comprehensive approach with interventions that include lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment. These measures can be implemented from Primary Health Care.
Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome is a condition that has seen significant growth in the global population, affecting up to 25% of individuals. It presents a synergy among its components (abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and elevated blood glucose). This condition represents a crucial opportunity for early identification and intervention from Primary Health Care. Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the most recent evidence regarding the treatment of Metabolic Syndrome, determining which strategies can be implemented from Primary Health Care in Costa Rica. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of related evidence was conducted from January 2020 to February 2025 in the Cochrane and PubMed databases. Initially, 2,229 articles were identified, and after verifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4 non-meta-analytic systematic reviews and 13 randomized controlled trials were analyzed. Results: Studies were identified that addressed both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, as well as strategies that combine these approaches and can be implemented. Conclusions: Metabolic Syndrome requires a comprehensive approach with interventions that include lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment. These measures can be implemented from Primary Health Care.
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Síndrome metabólico, atención primaria, tratamiento, resistencia a la insulina
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