Programa de atención humanizada en Enfermería Pediátrica Neonatal para replantear el concepto del neonato y neonata como persona en los y las profesionales de Enfermería, del Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital San Juan de Dios
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Rodríguez Ortega, Ana Andrea
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Abstract
El neonato (a) es visto como un recién nacido indefenso, dependiente, que es
definido en términos de tiempo, peso, talla y características corporales, este
concepto no es incorrecto, es el concepto científico o biomédico de lo que es un
neonato, pero para las y los profesionales de Enfermería Pediátrica Neonatal, ese
significado debe ir más allá. La razón de ser de la profesión de Enfermería es el
cuidado, y por lo tanto es necesario conceptualizar a la población neonatal como
seres humanos, que poseen al igual que los usuarios adultos un cuerpo, un alma y
un espíritu, en otras palabras, las y los neonatos sienten y también son personas
inmersas en una familia y por ende en la sociedad. Esas son las áreas sobre las
cuales se debe fundamentar los planes de atención de enfermería, para poder
ejecutar un cuidado oportuno, de calidad y con calidez hacia esta población.
Al ser el cuidado de enfermería tan importante para la recuperación y evolución de
las y los neonatos, es de interés para esta investigación, diagnosticar el concepto
del neonato y neonata como persona presente en las y los profesionales de
enfermería de la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital San Juan de Dios y así
analizar cómo este concepto afecta la calidad de los cuidados que brindan. Para
ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación aplicada con metodología cualitativa, con un
estudio de tipo exploratorio. La población fueron las y los profesionales de
enfermería de la Unidad de Neonatología del centro hospitalario mencionado. Para
la etapa de diagnóstico se utilizó la entrevista a profundidad y entrevista
semiestructurada.
Como resultado de la investigación, se determinó que la mayor parte de los
profesionales de enfermería del Servicio de Neonatos no identifican al paciente
neonatal como persona. También existe desconocimiento sobre los derechos de la
población neonatal, y por tanto el cuidado humanizado centrado en la familia no se
está ejecutando con calidad y calidez.
Por tanto, es necesario que se desarrolle el tema de los neonatos y neonatas como
personas que son, que el personal que atiende a esta población modifique los
paradigmas que tienen en relación a ellos, esto permitirá brindar cuidados de calidad
y con calidez, cuidados que impacten las vidas de las y los recién nacidos a futuro.
También se evidenció que hay bajo dominio en el uso de las herramientas virtuales tecnológicas. La poca participación por parte de los y las profesionales demuestra
la necesidad de que se creen espacios que permitan la educación continua del
personal sin tener que hacer uso de su tiempo libre o de tiempo laboral.
The newborn is seen as helpless and dependent, which is defined in terms of time, weight, height and body characteristics, this concept is not incorrect, it is the scientific or biomedical concept of what a newborn is, but for Neonatal Pediatric Nursing professionals, this meaning must go further. The reason for the existence of the Nursing profession is care, and therefore it is necessary to conceptualize the neonatal population as human beings, who, like adult users, have a body, a soul, and a spirit, in other words, the neonates feel and are also people immersed in a family and therefore in the society. These are the areas on which nursing care plans should be based, in order to provide a timely, quality and warm care to this population. As nursing care is so important for the recovery and evolution of neonates, it is subject of interest for this research to diagnose the concept of the neonate as a person present in the nursing professionals of the Neonatology Unit of the Hospital San Juan de Dios and thus analyze how this concept affects the quality of the attention they provide. For this, a research with qualitative methodology and an exploratory study was carried out. The population was the nursing professionals from the Neonatology Unit of the previously mentioned hospital. For the diagnosis stage, an in-depth and a semi-structured interview was used. As a result of the investigation, it was determined that most of the nursing professionals of the Neonatal Service do not identify the neonatal patient as a person. There is also unawareness around the rights of the neonatal population, and therefore the family centered humanized care is not being carried out with quality and warmth. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the concept of newborns and neonates as the persons that they are, that the personnel who provides care support to this population adjusts the paradigms that they have around them, this will allow to provide quality and warm care, care that positively impact their lives in the future. There is also evidence that there is lack of expertise in the use of virtual technological tools. The low participation among the professionals demonstrates the need to create more spaces to allow continuous education of the personnel without having to make use of their own free time or work time.
The newborn is seen as helpless and dependent, which is defined in terms of time, weight, height and body characteristics, this concept is not incorrect, it is the scientific or biomedical concept of what a newborn is, but for Neonatal Pediatric Nursing professionals, this meaning must go further. The reason for the existence of the Nursing profession is care, and therefore it is necessary to conceptualize the neonatal population as human beings, who, like adult users, have a body, a soul, and a spirit, in other words, the neonates feel and are also people immersed in a family and therefore in the society. These are the areas on which nursing care plans should be based, in order to provide a timely, quality and warm care to this population. As nursing care is so important for the recovery and evolution of neonates, it is subject of interest for this research to diagnose the concept of the neonate as a person present in the nursing professionals of the Neonatology Unit of the Hospital San Juan de Dios and thus analyze how this concept affects the quality of the attention they provide. For this, a research with qualitative methodology and an exploratory study was carried out. The population was the nursing professionals from the Neonatology Unit of the previously mentioned hospital. For the diagnosis stage, an in-depth and a semi-structured interview was used. As a result of the investigation, it was determined that most of the nursing professionals of the Neonatal Service do not identify the neonatal patient as a person. There is also unawareness around the rights of the neonatal population, and therefore the family centered humanized care is not being carried out with quality and warmth. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the concept of newborns and neonates as the persons that they are, that the personnel who provides care support to this population adjusts the paradigms that they have around them, this will allow to provide quality and warm care, care that positively impact their lives in the future. There is also evidence that there is lack of expertise in the use of virtual technological tools. The low participation among the professionals demonstrates the need to create more spaces to allow continuous education of the personnel without having to make use of their own free time or work time.
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Keywords
Enfermería pediátrica neonatal, Salud pública