Entre la imagen y la acción: un análisis crítico de la diplomacia y la política interna de Costa Rica en el caso del tiburón martillo
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Abstract
Este trabajo analiza el papel de la diplomacia pública ambiental como herramienta estratégica en la proyección internacional de Costa Rica como referente en sostenibilidad. A través del estudio de caso del tiburón martillo y una revisión crítica de políticas internas, se evidencia una creciente desconexión entre el discurso ambiental del país en foros multilaterales y la implementación efectiva de sus compromisos a nivel nacional. La investigación identifica múltiples desafíos estructurales, como vacíos normativos, falta de continuidad política, debilidad institucional y la priorización de intereses económicos sobre los sociales y ambientales. Estos factores comprometen tanto la conservación de la biodiversidad como la credibilidad internacional de Costa Rica. El estudio concluye que para preservar su legitimidad internacional y avanzar hacia una verdadera sostenibilidad, Costa Rica debe consolidar políticas de Estado coherentes, fortalecer sus marcos normativos y garantizar mecanismos efectivos de rendición de cuentas, así como reconocer el papel clave de la sociedad civil en la fiscalización ambiental.
This work analyzes the role of environmental public diplomacy2 as a strategic tool in the international projection of Costa Rica as a benchmark for sustainability. Through the case study of the hammerhead shark and a critical review of internal policies, it reveals a growing disconnection between the country's environmental discourse in multilateral forums and the effective domestic implementation of its commitments. The research identifies multiple structural challenges, such as regulatory gaps, lack of political continuity, institutional weakness, and the prioritization of economic interests over social and environmental ones. These factors compromise both biodiversity conservation and Costa Rica's international credibility. The study concludes that to preserve its international legitimacy and move toward true sustainability, Costa Rica must consolidate coherent State policies, strengthen its regulatory frameworks, and ensure effective accountability mechanisms, as well as recognize the key role of civil society in environmental oversight.
This work analyzes the role of environmental public diplomacy2 as a strategic tool in the international projection of Costa Rica as a benchmark for sustainability. Through the case study of the hammerhead shark and a critical review of internal policies, it reveals a growing disconnection between the country's environmental discourse in multilateral forums and the effective domestic implementation of its commitments. The research identifies multiple structural challenges, such as regulatory gaps, lack of political continuity, institutional weakness, and the prioritization of economic interests over social and environmental ones. These factors compromise both biodiversity conservation and Costa Rica's international credibility. The study concludes that to preserve its international legitimacy and move toward true sustainability, Costa Rica must consolidate coherent State policies, strengthen its regulatory frameworks, and ensure effective accountability mechanisms, as well as recognize the key role of civil society in environmental oversight.
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Diplomacia Pública, Sostenibilidad en Costa Rica, Tiburón Martillo, Biodiversidad, Políticas, Conservación Ambiental