Imbibición y temperatura para romper la latencia de Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.
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Fecha
2020
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Portuguez García, Mary Pamela
Rodríguez Ruíz, Ana María
Porras Martínez, Carolina
González Lutz, María Isabel
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Introducción. La germinación de Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. es desuniforme debido a la presencia de latencia, proceso que afecta su manejo e investigación. Objetivo. Evaluar tres métodos para la ruptura de latencia en semillas de I. rugosum Salisb. que permitan su germinación uniforme en condiciones controladas. Materiales y métodos. Tres experimentos se ejecutaron en el Laboratorio Oficial de Análisis de Calidad de Semillas del Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas de la Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; de mayo a junio del 2016. En el primero se probaron nitrato de potasio y agua destilada, dos tiempos de imbibición, y un testigo sin imbibición. En el segundo se sometieron las semillas durante tres semanas a cuatro regímenes de temperatura constante (15 °C, 30 °C, temperaturas alternas 15 y 30 °C, y temperatura ambiental a 26 °C). En el tercero las semillas se colocaron en agua durante una hora a diferentes grados de calor (23, 30, 45 y 65 °C), se utilizó un testigo sin imbibición. Resultados. En el primer experimento los mejores tratamientos fueron 16 y 24 h de imbibición con nitrato de potasio. En el segundo experimento la temperatura fue un factor significativo, se alcanzó la germinación con tres temperaturas empleadas, solo con 15 °C no hubo germinación. En el tercer experimento la temperatura en el agua fue un factor significativo, la mayor germinación ocurrió en el tratamiento a 23 °C, mientras que a 65 °C no ocurrió germinación. Conclusión. Se descartó el uso de agua caliente como forma para romper latencia. Se concluye que los mejores tratamientos fueron KNO3 al 0,25 % por 16 o 24 h, mientras que el uso de agua solo fue efectiva en el tiempo de 16 h, en los tres casos alternando las temperaturas entre 15 y 30 °C.
Introduction. The germination of Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. is uneven due to the presence of latency, a process that affects its management and research. Objective. To evaluate three methods for breaking dormancy in I. rugosum Salisb. seeds that allow its uniform germination under controlled conditions. Materials and methods. Three experiments were carried out at the Laboratorio Oficial de Análisis de Calidad de Semillas del Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas of the Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; from May to June 2016. In the first experiment, potassium nitrate and distilled water, two imbibition times, and a control without imbibition were tested. In the second, the seeds were subjected for three weeks to four constant temperature regimes (15 °C, 30 °C, alternating temperatures 15 and 30 °C, and ambient temperature of 26 °C). In the third, seeds were placed in water for one hour at different degrees of heat (23, 30, 45, and 65 °C), a control without imbibition was used. Results. In the first experiment, the best treatments were 16 and 24 h of imbibition with potassium nitrate. In the second experiment temperature was a significant factor, germination was reached with three temperatures used, only with 15 °C there was no germination. In the third experiment the temperature in the water was a significant factor, the highest germination occurred in the treatment at 23 °C, while at 65 °C no germination occurred. Conclusion. The use of hot water as a way to break latency was ruled out. It is concluded that the best treatments were KNO3 at 0.25 % for 16 or 24 h, while the use of water was only effective in the time of 16 h, in all three cases alternating temperatures between 15 and 30 ° C.
Introduction. The germination of Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. is uneven due to the presence of latency, a process that affects its management and research. Objective. To evaluate three methods for breaking dormancy in I. rugosum Salisb. seeds that allow its uniform germination under controlled conditions. Materials and methods. Three experiments were carried out at the Laboratorio Oficial de Análisis de Calidad de Semillas del Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas of the Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; from May to June 2016. In the first experiment, potassium nitrate and distilled water, two imbibition times, and a control without imbibition were tested. In the second, the seeds were subjected for three weeks to four constant temperature regimes (15 °C, 30 °C, alternating temperatures 15 and 30 °C, and ambient temperature of 26 °C). In the third, seeds were placed in water for one hour at different degrees of heat (23, 30, 45, and 65 °C), a control without imbibition was used. Results. In the first experiment, the best treatments were 16 and 24 h of imbibition with potassium nitrate. In the second experiment temperature was a significant factor, germination was reached with three temperatures used, only with 15 °C there was no germination. In the third experiment the temperature in the water was a significant factor, the highest germination occurred in the treatment at 23 °C, while at 65 °C no germination occurred. Conclusion. The use of hot water as a way to break latency was ruled out. It is concluded that the best treatments were KNO3 at 0.25 % for 16 or 24 h, while the use of water was only effective in the time of 16 h, in all three cases alternating temperatures between 15 and 30 ° C.
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Palabras clave
Germinación de las semillas, Agua destilada, Nitrato de potasio, Temperatura del agua, Temperatura ambiental, Seeds germination, Distilled water, Potassium nitrate, Water temperature, Environmental temperature