Epidemiología de los pacientes con meningitis viral y bacteriana en el servicio de emergencias del Hospital San Vicente de Paúl en el período del 1 de enero de 2018 - al 31 de diciembre de 2021
Fecha
2025-01
Tipo
tesis
Autores
Solano Rojas, Felipe Andrés
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Resumen
Las infecciones de sistema nervioso central confieren una alta morbilidad y mortalidad, particularmente, las de índole bacteriana. Este grupo de patologías puede dividirse en meningitis, encefalitis, meningoencefalitis y abscesos a nivel de sistema nervioso central. Su diagnóstico es microbiológico y se debe tener una alta sospecha clínica en los pacientes que presentan, específicamente, la combinación de: cefalea, alteración del estado mental y fiebre. Por lo tanto, en el caso de las infecciones bacterianas la morbimortalidad es mayor, el uso temprano de antibioticoterapia ha demostrado una reducción en la mortalidad, en cuanto a la meningitis viral su tratamiento es predominantemente de soporte salvo en los casos asociados a herpesvirus en donde hay beneficio en el uso de aciclovir. En Costa Rica hay pocos estudios relacionados con esta patología, por tanto, no se cuenta con un estudio observacional realizado en el Hospital San Vicente de Paúl sobre la epidemiología de las infecciones del sistema nervioso central, por lo cual con esta investigación se espera acortar esta brecha de conocimiento, así como generar una mejora en la atención de los pacientes que padecen esta patología.
Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly those of bacterial origin. These pathologies can be categorized into meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and abscesses within the CNS. Diagnosis relies on microbiological analysis, and clinicians must maintain a high degree of suspicion in patients presenting with a combination of symptoms such as headache, altered mental status, and fever. For bacterial CNS infections, morbidity and mortality rates are notably high. Early administration of antibiotic therapy has been shown to reduce mortality. In contrast, the management of viral meningitis is primarily supportive, except in cases caused by herpesviruses, where treatment with acyclovir is beneficial. In Costa Rica, studies on CNS infections are limited. To our knowledge, no observational study has been conducted at Hospital San Vicente de Paúl regarding the epidemiology of CNS infections. This research aims to address this knowledge gap and contribute to improved patient care for individuals affected by this pathology.
Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly those of bacterial origin. These pathologies can be categorized into meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and abscesses within the CNS. Diagnosis relies on microbiological analysis, and clinicians must maintain a high degree of suspicion in patients presenting with a combination of symptoms such as headache, altered mental status, and fever. For bacterial CNS infections, morbidity and mortality rates are notably high. Early administration of antibiotic therapy has been shown to reduce mortality. In contrast, the management of viral meningitis is primarily supportive, except in cases caused by herpesviruses, where treatment with acyclovir is beneficial. In Costa Rica, studies on CNS infections are limited. To our knowledge, no observational study has been conducted at Hospital San Vicente de Paúl regarding the epidemiology of CNS infections. This research aims to address this knowledge gap and contribute to improved patient care for individuals affected by this pathology.
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Palabras clave
Meningitis, Meningococcemia, Infección, Herpesvirus, Emergencias, Encefalitis