Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes entre 21 y 65 años adscritas al Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia con diagnóstico citológico de ASCUS, que fueron referidas a colposcopía y que tuvieron como resultado una lesión de alto grado en el año 2022
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Paniagua Zeledón, María José
Ramírez Murillo, Kelly
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Abstract
El cáncer de cuello uterino es un problema de salud mundial, siendo la principal causa de esta patología el Virus de Papiloma Humano (VPH). En Costa Rica, representa el tercer cáncer más frecuente y el cuarto en mortalidad. Aunque existen lesiones precursoras que pueden detectarse a través del Papanicolaou (PAP), uno de los resultados ambiguos más comunes es la presencia de células escamosas atípicas de significado incierto (ASC-US). El manejo de este resultado ha variado con el tiempo, ya que inicialmente se consideraba indicativo de una lesión precursora. Sin embargo, investigaciones recientes han cuestionado su relación con resultados positivos de alto grado en biopsias colposcópicas. El objetivo de este estudio es reforzar la idea de que un resultado citológico de ASC-US no conlleva un aumento significativo en el riesgo de un diagnóstico histológico de alto grado. Objetivo. Establecer la relación entre el reporte citológico de ASC-US y un diagnóstico histológico de NIC II o mayor en mujeres referidas al Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital Doctor Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia en el año 2022 Metodología. Estudio observacional retrospectivo que recopiló la información de todas las pacientes referidas a la consulta de colposcopía del hospital Calderón Guardia durante el año 2022 debido a un diagnóstico de ASCUS, y determinar qué porcentaje de ellas al ser evaluadas asociaron un resultado histológico de alto grado. Resultados. Se observó una clara tendencia de las pacientes con ASCUS de tener una colposcopía negativa, y en aquellas en quienes se tomó una biopsia, se logró documentar que la gran mayoría consistieron en resultados benignos (26%), o de bajo grado (60%). Conclusión. El diagnóstico citológico de ASC-US no aumenta el riesgo de lesiones de alto grado en la histología obtenida mediante colposcopia. Por lo tanto, no es necesario referir a todas las pacientes con ASC-US a consulta colposcópica de forma inicial.
Cervical cancer is a global health issue, mainly caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). In Costa Rica, it is the third most common cancer and the fourth in mortality. Although precursor lesions are detectable through the Pap smear, an ambiguous result is the presence of atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASC-US). Management of this result has evolved, as it was initially considered a precursor lesion. Recent studies have questioned its association with high-grade biopsy results. The aim of this study is to reinforce the understanding that a cytological result of ASC-US does not entail an increased risk of a high-grade histological result. Objective. To establish the relationship between the cytological report of ASC-US and a histological diagnosis of CIN II or higher in women referred to the Gynecology Department of the Doctor Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia Hospital in 2022. Methodology. A retrospective observational study was conducted that collected information on all patients referred for colposcopy at the Calderón Guardia Hospital in 2022 due to an ASC-US diagnosis. The study aimed to determine the percentage of patients who had a high-grade histological result upon evaluation. Results. A clear tendency was observed for patients with ASCUS to have a negative colposcopy, and in those in whom a biopsy was taken, it was possible to document that the vast majority consisted of benign results (24%), or low grade (56%). Conclusion. Cytological diagnosis of ASCUS does not confer a higher risk of high-grade histology at colposcopy, thus reinforcing the concept that it is not necessary to refer all patients with ASCUS to a colposcopy consultation initially.
Cervical cancer is a global health issue, mainly caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). In Costa Rica, it is the third most common cancer and the fourth in mortality. Although precursor lesions are detectable through the Pap smear, an ambiguous result is the presence of atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASC-US). Management of this result has evolved, as it was initially considered a precursor lesion. Recent studies have questioned its association with high-grade biopsy results. The aim of this study is to reinforce the understanding that a cytological result of ASC-US does not entail an increased risk of a high-grade histological result. Objective. To establish the relationship between the cytological report of ASC-US and a histological diagnosis of CIN II or higher in women referred to the Gynecology Department of the Doctor Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia Hospital in 2022. Methodology. A retrospective observational study was conducted that collected information on all patients referred for colposcopy at the Calderón Guardia Hospital in 2022 due to an ASC-US diagnosis. The study aimed to determine the percentage of patients who had a high-grade histological result upon evaluation. Results. A clear tendency was observed for patients with ASCUS to have a negative colposcopy, and in those in whom a biopsy was taken, it was possible to document that the vast majority consisted of benign results (24%), or low grade (56%). Conclusion. Cytological diagnosis of ASCUS does not confer a higher risk of high-grade histology at colposcopy, thus reinforcing the concept that it is not necessary to refer all patients with ASCUS to a colposcopy consultation initially.
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cáncer de cuello uterino, Virus de Papiloma Humano, VPH, diagnóstico citológico, estudio observacional retrospectivo, colposcopía