Caracterización de la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial en pacientes con enfermedad de tejido conectivo, abordaje clínico y diagnóstico
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Campos Chinchilla, Josué
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Abstract
Antecedente: La enfermedad intersticial pulmonar (EPI) comprende un grupo heterogéneo de diversas
patologías con mecanismos etiopatogénicos diversos, pero con un desenlace de fibrosis pulmonar de
diversos grados de afectación. La EPI puede relacionarse con otros grupos de enfermedades, como
las enfermedades del tejido conectivo (ETC), lo que implica a un aumento de la morbimortalidad, por
lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión es comprender los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y el tratamiento,
ya que son claves para el abordaje adecuado de estos pacientes.
Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de documentos de sociedades científicas
dedicadas al manejo de la enfermedad intersticial pulmonar con énfasis en su relación con
enfermedades de tejido conectivo. Se consultaron revisiones sistemáticas y estudios científicos sobre
la enfermedad intersticial en los buscadores Pubmed y Research Gate, del 2017 a la actualidad para
reunir información relevante en cuanto al manejo médico, bajo los términos ILD, ILD-CTD, rheumatoid
arthritis, Sjögren Syndrome, Vasculitis, Autoinmune myositis, systemic lupus erythematosus y systemic
sclerosis.
Resultados: La afección pulmonar en las ETC es muy variada y los mecanismos etiopatogénicos
difieren entre ellas. Algunas enfermedades pueden tener un patrón intersticial pulmonar más
inflamatorio y otras más fibrosante, por lo que el tratamiento de mantenimiento difiere también en los
episodios agudos para lograr la inducción se requieren del uso de glucocorticoides en dosis altas o la
combinación de esteroides junto con otros inmunosupresores. El abordaje necesita no solo el
tratamiento inmunosupresor, sino también la rehabilitación pulmonar y en casos muy específicos el
trasplante pulmonar.
Background: Pulmonary interstitial disease (ILD) comprises a heterogeneous group of various pathologies with diverse etiopathogenous mechanisms, but with an outcome of pulmonary fibrosis of varying degrees of involvement, PPE can be linked to other groups of diseases, such as connective tissue diseases (CTD), leading to increased morbidity, so the goal of this review is to understand pathological mechanisms and treatment, as they are key to the proper approach of these patients. Methodology: A systematic review of documents of scientific societies dedicated to the management of pulmonary interstitial disease is carried out with an emphasis on its relationship with connective tissue diseases. Systematic reviews and scientific studies on interstitial disease are available in the Pubmed and Research Gate search engines, from 2017 to the present day, to gather relevant information regarding medical management, under the terms “ILD”, “ILD-CTD”, “rheumatoid arthritis”, “Sjogren Syndrome”, “Vasculitis”, “Autoinmune myositis”, “systemic lupus erythematosus” and “systemic sclerosis”. Results: The lung condition in CTD is very varied, the etiopathogenic mechanisms differ between them, some diseases may have a more inflammatory and more fibrous pulmonary interstitial pattern, so maintenance treatment differs, in addition in acute episodes to achieve induction are required from the use of glucocorticoids in high doses or the combination of steroids along with other immunosuppressants. The approach requires not only immunosuppressive treatment, but also pulmonary rehabilitation and in very selected cases pulmonary transplantation.
Background: Pulmonary interstitial disease (ILD) comprises a heterogeneous group of various pathologies with diverse etiopathogenous mechanisms, but with an outcome of pulmonary fibrosis of varying degrees of involvement, PPE can be linked to other groups of diseases, such as connective tissue diseases (CTD), leading to increased morbidity, so the goal of this review is to understand pathological mechanisms and treatment, as they are key to the proper approach of these patients. Methodology: A systematic review of documents of scientific societies dedicated to the management of pulmonary interstitial disease is carried out with an emphasis on its relationship with connective tissue diseases. Systematic reviews and scientific studies on interstitial disease are available in the Pubmed and Research Gate search engines, from 2017 to the present day, to gather relevant information regarding medical management, under the terms “ILD”, “ILD-CTD”, “rheumatoid arthritis”, “Sjogren Syndrome”, “Vasculitis”, “Autoinmune myositis”, “systemic lupus erythematosus” and “systemic sclerosis”. Results: The lung condition in CTD is very varied, the etiopathogenic mechanisms differ between them, some diseases may have a more inflammatory and more fibrous pulmonary interstitial pattern, so maintenance treatment differs, in addition in acute episodes to achieve induction are required from the use of glucocorticoids in high doses or the combination of steroids along with other immunosuppressants. The approach requires not only immunosuppressive treatment, but also pulmonary rehabilitation and in very selected cases pulmonary transplantation.
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Keywords
Enfermedades del tejido conectivo (ETC), Enfermedad pulmonar instersticial (EPI), Abordaje clínico, Abordaje diagnóstico