Uso de Azospirrillum spp. como biofertilizante en la producción de estrella africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis)
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Fecha
2016-12
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artículo original
Autores
WingChing Jones, Rodolfo
Uribe Lorío, Lidieth
Castro Barquero, Leida
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El pasto estrella africana es importante en algunas regiones tropicales y puede ser beneficioso el uso de Azospirillum como biofertilizante. Probamos tres cepas de Azospirrilum en Turrialba, Costa Rica, entre el 2011 y 2013. Utilizamos una dosis única de 5 litros por hectárea para las tres cepas (108 UFC.ml-1) y la mezcla de las tres cepas en partes iguales y las comparamos con una dosis de 10 t/ha de vermicompost y la fertilización química (78 kg/N/ha). En la segunda prueba evaluamos Azospirillum por su potencial para sustituir el fertilizante químico en proporciones de 0, 25, 50 y 75% una dosis de 5 L / ha (108 UFC.ml-1) utilizamos para todos los tratamientos y en comparación con la dosis de 100% de los fertilizantes químicos. Dos de las cepas y tres de las mezclas produjo biomasa forrajera similar (3,65 a 3,93 t / ha) como el fertilizante químico (4,12 t / ha). La fertilización con humus de lombriz fue menor (3,56 t / ha). Una disminución de las lluvias 2012-2013 redujo la biomasa del forraje 25% cuando se aplicó fertilización química (4,07 vs 3,08 t / ha). En el segundo experimento, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los rendimientos de biomasa para todos los tratamientos con Azospirillum o fertilizantes químicos (2,97 vs 3,08 t / ha). Azospirillum tiene potencial para mantener la productividad del pasto estrella africana bajo un sistema de pastoreo, pero se requiere más investigación para definir el número de aplicaciones por año para mantener un efecto constante.
African star grass is important in some tropical regions and can benefit from the use of biofertilizers like Azospirillum. We tested three strains of Azospirillum as biofertilizer in Turrialba, Costa Rica, from 2011 through 2013. A single dose of 5 liters per hectare was used for the three strains (108 CFC.ml-1) and a three-way mixture of the strains; and compared with a dose of 10 tons of vermicompost and chemical fertilization (78 kg N per hectare). A second experiment evaluated Azospirillum for its potential to substitute chemical fertilizer in proportions of 0, 25, 50 and 75%. A dose of 5 L/ha (108 CFU.ml-1) was used for all treatments and compared to the dose of 100% of chemical fertilizer. Two of the strains and the threeway yielded similar forage biomass (3.65 to 3.93 t/ha) as the chemical fertilizer (4.12 t/ha). Fertilization with vermicompost was lower (3.56 t/ ha). A decline in rainfall from 2012 to 2013 reduced the grass biomass 25% when chemical fertilization was applied (4.07 vs 3.08 t/ha). In the second experiment, no significant differences were found in biomass yields for all treatments with Azospirillum or chemical fertilizer (2.97 vs 3.08 t/ha). Azospirillum has potential to maintain the productivity of African star grass under a grazing system, but further research is required to define the number of applications per year to maintain a constant effect
African star grass is important in some tropical regions and can benefit from the use of biofertilizers like Azospirillum. We tested three strains of Azospirillum as biofertilizer in Turrialba, Costa Rica, from 2011 through 2013. A single dose of 5 liters per hectare was used for the three strains (108 CFC.ml-1) and a three-way mixture of the strains; and compared with a dose of 10 tons of vermicompost and chemical fertilization (78 kg N per hectare). A second experiment evaluated Azospirillum for its potential to substitute chemical fertilizer in proportions of 0, 25, 50 and 75%. A dose of 5 L/ha (108 CFU.ml-1) was used for all treatments and compared to the dose of 100% of chemical fertilizer. Two of the strains and the threeway yielded similar forage biomass (3.65 to 3.93 t/ha) as the chemical fertilizer (4.12 t/ha). Fertilization with vermicompost was lower (3.56 t/ ha). A decline in rainfall from 2012 to 2013 reduced the grass biomass 25% when chemical fertilization was applied (4.07 vs 3.08 t/ha). In the second experiment, no significant differences were found in biomass yields for all treatments with Azospirillum or chemical fertilizer (2.97 vs 3.08 t/ha). Azospirillum has potential to maintain the productivity of African star grass under a grazing system, but further research is required to define the number of applications per year to maintain a constant effect
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Fertilización, Biofertilizante, Materia seca, Rendimiento, Ganado de leche, Pasto tropical