La consolidación del Estado liberal y las investigaciones meteorológicas en Costa Rica (1887-1904)
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Díaz Bolaños, Ronald Eduardo
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Abstract
En la Costa Rica de finales del siglo XIX se desarrolla un proceso de
institucionalización de la Meteorología como ciencia, producto de la presencia de
una activa comunidad científica y de un Estado nacional que se ha venido
consolidando bajo el liberalismo. Este interés por la meteorología se encuentra
asociado a la importancia que tiene el conocimiento de los fenómenos
atmosféricos y de las condiciones climáticas presentes en un territorio cuya
economía se basa en un modelo capitalista agroexportador. De esta forma, se
funda un Observatorio Meteorológico en la ciudad de San José en 1887, entidad
que centraliza las observaciones meteorológicas producidas en el país. Esta labor
será continuada por el Instituto Meteorológico Nacional y el Instituto FísicoGeográfico Nacional en los años siguientes, instituciones que fueron dirigidas por
el naturalista suizo Henri Pittier hasta su renuncia en 1904. La Sección
Meteorológica del Instituto Físico-Geográfico logró el establecimiento de una red
de información meteorológica gracias al apoyo de la United Fruit Company, con la
instalación de varias estaciones pluviométricas en el enclave bananero de la
región caribeña de Costa Rica.
In the Costa Rica of the late nineteenth century, a process of institutionalization of Meteorology as a science is developed due to the presence of an active scientific community and of a national State that has been consolidating under liberalism. This interest in meteorology is associated with the relevance of acquiring knowledge about atmospheric phenomena and climatic conditions within a territory whose economy is based on a capitalist agro-export model. Thereby, a Meteorological Observatory was founded in the city of San Jose in 1887, an entity that centralizes the meteorological observations produced in the country. That work will be continued by the National Meteorological Institute and the National PhysicalGeographic Institute in the following years, institutions that were led by the Swiss naturalist Henri Pittier until his resignation in 1904. The Meteorological Section of the Physical-Geographic Institute achieved the establishment of a meteorological information network owing to the support of the United Fruit Company, with the installation of several rainfall stations in the banana enclave of the Caribbean region of Costa Rica.
In the Costa Rica of the late nineteenth century, a process of institutionalization of Meteorology as a science is developed due to the presence of an active scientific community and of a national State that has been consolidating under liberalism. This interest in meteorology is associated with the relevance of acquiring knowledge about atmospheric phenomena and climatic conditions within a territory whose economy is based on a capitalist agro-export model. Thereby, a Meteorological Observatory was founded in the city of San Jose in 1887, an entity that centralizes the meteorological observations produced in the country. That work will be continued by the National Meteorological Institute and the National PhysicalGeographic Institute in the following years, institutions that were led by the Swiss naturalist Henri Pittier until his resignation in 1904. The Meteorological Section of the Physical-Geographic Institute achieved the establishment of a meteorological information network owing to the support of the United Fruit Company, with the installation of several rainfall stations in the banana enclave of the Caribbean region of Costa Rica.
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Costa Rica, Historia, Ciencia, Meteorología, Clima, History, Science, Meteorology, Climate