Densidad de población y tipo de poda en melón Cantaloupe cultivado en invernadero: evaluación económica
Fecha
2024-01-03
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Díaz Alvarado, Jorge Manuel
Monge Pérez, José Eladio
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Resumen
Para estimar la rentabilidad de diversas combinaciones de arreglo topológico de siembra y tipo de poda en melón (Cucumis melo L.) tipo Cantaloupe, cultivado en invernadero - por medio del análisis de la utilidad parcial - se evaluaron las densidades 1.9; 3.2; y 3.9 plantas/m2, y los tipos de poda: poda del tallo principal (TP) y manejo de un tallo secundario (TS); poda del TP y manejo de dos TS; y sin poda.
El cultivo se sembró en sacos plásticos rellenos con fibra de coco. Se evaluó el peso promedio del fruto (g), el porcentaje de sólidos solubles totales (°Brix), y el rendimiento comercializable (kg/m2). Además, se calcularon los costos de mano de obra, semilla y fertilización, y el ingreso según el rendimiento y el precio de venta bajo dos escenarios (real y estimado). El mayor rendimiento comercializable se obtuvo con el tratamiento de 3.9 plantas/m2 y sin poda (2.65 kg/m2); valor superior al hallado por otros seis tratamientos. Pero fue estadísticamente igual al obtenido por 3.9 plantas/m2 y poda a 2 TS (1.93 kg/m2), y por 3.2 plantas/m2 y sin poda (1.92 kg/m2). En el escenario real (precio de venta de 412 colones/kg), ningún tratamiento fue rentable, pues la utilidad parcial fue negativa. En el escenario estimado (precio
de venta de 715 colones/kg), el tratamiento que obtuvo la mayor rentabilidad fue el de 3.9 plantas/m2 y sin poda, cuya utilidad parcial fue de 7,308,730 colones/ha; seguido del tratamiento de 3.2 plantas/m2 y sin poda, con una utilidad parcial de 4,178,240 colones/ha. Se concluye que el uso de podas no es una práctica económicamente rentable en melón Cantaloupe producido en invernadero. Dicha producción es económicamente rentable únicamente en la época lluviosa, cuando el precio de venta es alto.
To estimate the profitability of various combinations of planting topological arrangement and pruning type in Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L.) grown in a greenhouse—through partial utility analysis—densities of 1.9, 3.2, and 3.9 plants/m2 were evaluated, along with pruning types: pruning of the main stem (TP) and management of one secondary stem (TS); pruning of TP and management of two TS; and no pruning. The cultivation was planted in plastic bags filled with coconut fiber. The average fruit weight (g), total soluble solids percentage (°Brix), and marketable yield (kg/m2) were evaluated. Additionally, labor, seed, and fertilization costs were calculated, along with income based on yield and selling price under two scenarios (real and estimated). The highest marketable yield was obtained with the treatment of 3.9 plants/m2 and no pruning (2.65 kg/m2); a value higher than that found in the other six treatments but statistically equal to that obtained by 3.9 plants/m2 and pruning at 2 TS (1.93 kg/m2) and by 3.2 plants/m2 and no pruning (1.92 kg/m2). In the real scenario (selling price of 412 colones/kg), no treatment was profitable as partial utility was negative. In the estimated scenario (selling price of 715 colones/kg), the treatment with the highest profitability was 3.9 plants/m2 and no pruning, with a partial utility of 7,308,730 colones/ha, followed by the treatment of 3.2 plants/m2 and no pruning, with a partial utility of 4,178,240 colones/ha. It is concluded that the use of pruning is not an economically profitable practice in Cantaloupe melon produced in a greenhouse. This production is economically viable only during the rainy season when the selling price is high.
To estimate the profitability of various combinations of planting topological arrangement and pruning type in Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L.) grown in a greenhouse—through partial utility analysis—densities of 1.9, 3.2, and 3.9 plants/m2 were evaluated, along with pruning types: pruning of the main stem (TP) and management of one secondary stem (TS); pruning of TP and management of two TS; and no pruning. The cultivation was planted in plastic bags filled with coconut fiber. The average fruit weight (g), total soluble solids percentage (°Brix), and marketable yield (kg/m2) were evaluated. Additionally, labor, seed, and fertilization costs were calculated, along with income based on yield and selling price under two scenarios (real and estimated). The highest marketable yield was obtained with the treatment of 3.9 plants/m2 and no pruning (2.65 kg/m2); a value higher than that found in the other six treatments but statistically equal to that obtained by 3.9 plants/m2 and pruning at 2 TS (1.93 kg/m2) and by 3.2 plants/m2 and no pruning (1.92 kg/m2). In the real scenario (selling price of 412 colones/kg), no treatment was profitable as partial utility was negative. In the estimated scenario (selling price of 715 colones/kg), the treatment with the highest profitability was 3.9 plants/m2 and no pruning, with a partial utility of 7,308,730 colones/ha, followed by the treatment of 3.2 plants/m2 and no pruning, with a partial utility of 4,178,240 colones/ha. It is concluded that the use of pruning is not an economically profitable practice in Cantaloupe melon produced in a greenhouse. This production is economically viable only during the rainy season when the selling price is high.
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Palabras clave
Cucumis melo, rentabilidad, rendimiento, costos, ingresos, ECONOMÍA AGRARIA