Perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes portadores de epilepsia adscritos a la consulta externa del Hospital Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia entre marzo y junio del año 2020
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Hernández Guillén, Álvaro
Martínez Martínez, Emmanuel
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Abstract
Introducción: La epilepsia es una enfermedad que tiene una prevalencia de entre 1.5 y 5% de la población general. La depresión por su parte afecta entre el 7 y el 17% de la población general, mientras que en epilepsia, se ha documentado hasta un 50% de comorbilidad. La convivencia de estas dos entidades genera no solamente peor respuesta al tratamiento anticonvulsivante, sino también compromiso de la funcionalidad y desempeño del paciente en sus actividades diarias.
Objetivo: Conocer el perfil epidemiológico de las personas usuarias portadoras de epilepsia, adscritos a la consulta externa del servicio de Neurología del hospital Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia y que consultan en el periodo que abarca los meses desde febrero hasta mayo del año 2020.
Metodología: Estudio con características prospectivas, que corresponden a la entrevista, que evalúa las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes portadores de epilepsia. Y retrospectivas, que consisten en la revisión de expedientes clínicos por medio del sistema EDUS. La población del estudio consiste en pacientes que se encuentran adscritos a la consulta externa de Neurología del hospital Dr Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia. Esto por medio de una encuesta telefónica. Así mismo, se entrevista a los pacientes haciendo uso del índice de depresión de Beck, para determinar la prevalencia de depresión en esta población de pacientes. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y univariado para la asociación de epilepsia, tipo de depresión y variables funcionales
Resultados: la muestra consta de 314 pacientes (146 hombres y 168 mujeres). La mayoría con educación secundaria completa (27.4%), seguidos por los que tienen educación superior. Un 76,1% de los pacientes tienen ingresos mensuales mayores de 112000 colones; este grupo tiene respuesta a un solo anticonvulsivante en un 67.8% de los casos (p=0.02). El factor de riesgo para epilepsia que más frecuentemente se documentó fue el trauma craneoencefálico. El tipo de crisis más frecuente son las crisis focales (86%). La prevalencia de depresión entre los entrevistados fue de 48.6%, siendo el antecedente personal de depresión factor de riesgo para depresión moderada (OR 7,9; IC 95% 4,1-15) y severa (OR 3,6; IC 95% 2,2-6); y el ingreso por debajo de 112000 colones para depresión severa (p<0,001).
Conclusión: Los pacientes epilépticos tienen mayor prevalencia de depresión que la población general; la mayoría de severidad leve. El ingreso económico bajo, y antecedente de depresión se asocia a un grado más severo de depresión.
Introduction: Epilepsy is a condition with a prevalence of between 1.5 and 5% of the general population. Depression itself affects between 7 and 17% of the general population, while in epilepsy, up to 50% comorbidity has been documented. The coexistence of these two entities generates not only worse response to anticonvulsant treatment, but also the jeopardize functionality and patient performance in their daily activities. Objective: To know the epidemiological profile of epilepsy-carrying users assigned to the outpatient service of the Neurology service of the Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia hospital and to consult during the period from February to May of 2020. Methodology: Study with prospective characteristics, corresponding to the interview, that evaluates the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with epilepsy. And retrospectives, which consist of the review of clinical records through the EDUS system. The study population consists of patients who are assigned to the Neurology outpatient service of the Dr Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia hospital. This through a telephone survey. Likewise, patients were interviewed using the Beck depression index to determine the prevalence of depression in this patient population. A descriptive and univariate analysis was performed for the association of epilepsy, type of depression and functional variables. Results: the sample consists of 314 patients (146 men and 168 women). Most with complete secondary education (27.4%), followed by those with higher education. 76.1% of patients have monthly incomes greater than 112,000 colones; This group responds to a single anticonvulsant in 67.8% of cases (p = 0.02). The most frequently documented risk factor for epilepsy was traumatic brain injury. The most frequent type of seizures are focal seizures (86%). The prevalence of depression among the interviewees was 48.6%, with a personal history of depression being a risk factor for moderate depression (OR 7.9, 95% CI 4.1-15) and severe (OR 3.6, 95% CI). 2.2-6); and income below 112,000 colones for severe depression (p <0.001) Conclusion Epileptic patients have a higher prevalence of depression than the general population; most mild severity. Low income, and a history of depression is associated with a more severe degree of depression
Introduction: Epilepsy is a condition with a prevalence of between 1.5 and 5% of the general population. Depression itself affects between 7 and 17% of the general population, while in epilepsy, up to 50% comorbidity has been documented. The coexistence of these two entities generates not only worse response to anticonvulsant treatment, but also the jeopardize functionality and patient performance in their daily activities. Objective: To know the epidemiological profile of epilepsy-carrying users assigned to the outpatient service of the Neurology service of the Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia hospital and to consult during the period from February to May of 2020. Methodology: Study with prospective characteristics, corresponding to the interview, that evaluates the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with epilepsy. And retrospectives, which consist of the review of clinical records through the EDUS system. The study population consists of patients who are assigned to the Neurology outpatient service of the Dr Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia hospital. This through a telephone survey. Likewise, patients were interviewed using the Beck depression index to determine the prevalence of depression in this patient population. A descriptive and univariate analysis was performed for the association of epilepsy, type of depression and functional variables. Results: the sample consists of 314 patients (146 men and 168 women). Most with complete secondary education (27.4%), followed by those with higher education. 76.1% of patients have monthly incomes greater than 112,000 colones; This group responds to a single anticonvulsant in 67.8% of cases (p = 0.02). The most frequently documented risk factor for epilepsy was traumatic brain injury. The most frequent type of seizures are focal seizures (86%). The prevalence of depression among the interviewees was 48.6%, with a personal history of depression being a risk factor for moderate depression (OR 7.9, 95% CI 4.1-15) and severe (OR 3.6, 95% CI). 2.2-6); and income below 112,000 colones for severe depression (p <0.001) Conclusion Epileptic patients have a higher prevalence of depression than the general population; most mild severity. Low income, and a history of depression is associated with a more severe degree of depression
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epilepsia, depresión, Costa Rica