Mutación constitucional en Costa Rica: un análisis crítico de las sentencias de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República de Costa Rica
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Abstract
Esta investigación aborda la problemática inherente a la mutación constitucional aplicada por los Tribunales Constitucionales en relación con el principio de la supremacía constitucional y su fuerza normativa, ya que son principio que conforman la base del derecho de la Constitución, por lo tanto, no se puede hablar de un Estado Constitucional sin el principio de la supremacía constitucional y su fuerza normativa. El estudio de la problemática de la teoría de la mutación constitucional se desarrolla en el tipo de Constituciones Políticas rígidas, ya que por medio de ese tipo de Constituciones Políticas las reformas a la Constitución Política se pueden realizar por medio de procedimientos reforzados, ya que la reforma de la Constitución Política no se puede realizar por los procesos ordinarios de creación de ley, en el ordenamiento jurídico de la República de Costa Rica se pueden realizar las reformas por medio de los artículos 195 y 196 de la Constitución Política, siendo los únicos mecanismo legítimos para reformar la Constitución, sin embargo, la teoría de la mutación constitucional se debe entender como el mecanismo para reformar el sentido del texto constitucional, si bien no es un reforma al texto constitucional, se hace una modificación o reformar al sentido de interpretación del texto constitucional. En la literatura especializada se expresa que la teoría de la mutación constitucional puede ser legitimada ya que protege el principio de presunción de constitucionalidad y la perdurabilidad de la Constitución Política. Por lo tanto, la investigación tiene como objetivo determinar si la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República de Costa Rica ha aplicado la teoría de la mutación constitucional y si la respuesta es afirmativa, se debe dimensionar los efectos y alcances de la teoría de la mutación constitucional en el sistema jurídico de la República de Costa Rica.
This research discusses the problem inherent to constitutional mutations applied by the Constitutional courts in relation to the principle of the supremacy of the Constitution and its normative force, since they are a principle that conforms to the basis of the constitutional law, therefore, they do not one can speak of a Constitutional State without the principle of the supremacy of the Constitution and its normative force. The study of the problem inherent to constitutional mutations is developed in the type of rigid political Constitutions, already that through this type of political Constitutions the reforms can be carried out through reinforced procedures, the reform of the political Constitution cannot be carried out through the ordinary processes of creation of law. In the legal system of the Republic of Costa Rica the reforms can be carried out through articles 195 and 196 of the political Constitution, being the only legitimate mechanisms to reform the political Constitution, however, the constitutional mutation theory must be understood as the mechanism to reform the meaning of the constitutional text, although it is not a reform to the constitutional text, is a modification or reform to the meaning of interpretation of the constitutional text. In the specialized literature it is expressed that the constitutional mutations theory can be legitimate already that protect the principle of presumption of constitutionality and the durability of the political Constitution. Therefore, the objective of This research is to determine if the Constitutional Court of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Republic of Costa Rica has applied the theory of constitutional mutation and if the answer is affirmative, determine the effects and scope of the theory of constitutional mutation in the legal system of the Republic of Costa Rica.
This research discusses the problem inherent to constitutional mutations applied by the Constitutional courts in relation to the principle of the supremacy of the Constitution and its normative force, since they are a principle that conforms to the basis of the constitutional law, therefore, they do not one can speak of a Constitutional State without the principle of the supremacy of the Constitution and its normative force. The study of the problem inherent to constitutional mutations is developed in the type of rigid political Constitutions, already that through this type of political Constitutions the reforms can be carried out through reinforced procedures, the reform of the political Constitution cannot be carried out through the ordinary processes of creation of law. In the legal system of the Republic of Costa Rica the reforms can be carried out through articles 195 and 196 of the political Constitution, being the only legitimate mechanisms to reform the political Constitution, however, the constitutional mutation theory must be understood as the mechanism to reform the meaning of the constitutional text, although it is not a reform to the constitutional text, is a modification or reform to the meaning of interpretation of the constitutional text. In the specialized literature it is expressed that the constitutional mutations theory can be legitimate already that protect the principle of presumption of constitutionality and the durability of the political Constitution. Therefore, the objective of This research is to determine if the Constitutional Court of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Republic of Costa Rica has applied the theory of constitutional mutation and if the answer is affirmative, determine the effects and scope of the theory of constitutional mutation in the legal system of the Republic of Costa Rica.
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derecho constitucional, mutación constitucional, Supremacía Constitucional, fuerza normativa, reforma total, reforma parcial, cláusulas de intangibilidad, politización de la justicia, ley costarricense, Costa Rica, constitutional law, Constitutional Supremacy, normative force, constitution mutation, total reform, partial reform, intangibility clauses, politicization of justice, lawfare, Costa Rican law