Evaluación del estado nutricional por medio de indicadores antropométricos en preescolares costarricenses
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Zamora Salas, Juan Diego
Laclé Murray, Adriana
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El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el estado nutricional de preescolares costarricenses. Se evaluaron 200 preescolares (100 niños y 100 niñas), edades comprendidas entre los 5 a 6 años de edad (5,6 ± 0,29 años). La evaluación del estado nutricional se realizó por medio de los indicadores antropométricos talla para la edad (T/E) e IMC (kg/m2) según sexo y edad. Los valores antropométricos medios obtenidos para niños y niñas fueron: edad (5,7 ± 0,3 vs 5,6 ± 0,3 años), peso (22,2 ± 6,9 vs 18,7 ± 4,4 kg), talla (1,1 ± 6,5 vs 1,1 ± 4,1 m), IMC (15,9 ± 1,7 vs 15,5 ± 1,7 kg/m2), respectivamente. El peso de los niños fue significativamente mayor (p<0,05) que el de las niñas, mientras que la edad, la talla e IMC no mostraron diferencia significativa entre los preescolares. La prevalencia del estado nutricional para los niños y niñas fue: baja talla 4% vs 5%, talla normal 90% vs 90%, talla alta 6% vs 5%, bajo peso 8% vs 6%, peso normal 72% vs 85%, sobrepeso 16% vs 8% y obesidad 4% vs 1% respectivamente. Del total de preescolares el 78,5% presentaron peso normal, cuya mayor prevalencia fue en las niñas, mientras que para el sobrepeso fue de un 12% y obesidad de un 2,5%; en donde la mayor prevalencia para ambas condiciones se presentó en los niños. Con los resultados del estudio se concluye que la prevalencia de bajo peso ha disminuido en la población preescolar costarricense, mientras que el sobrepeso-obesidad ha aumentado.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional status of Costa Rican preschoolers. A total of 200 preschoolers (100 male and 100 female) with ages between 5 to 6 years old (5,6 ± 0,29 years old) were assessed. The evaluation of the nutritional status was performed by means of the anthropometric indicators height-for-age (H/A) and BMI (8kg/m2) according to sex and age. The anthropometric values assesed in male and female preeschoolers were: age (5,7 ± 0,3 vs 5,6 ± 0,3 años), weight (22,2 ± 6,9 vs 18,7 ± 4,4 kg), height (1,1 ± 6,5 vs 1,1 ± 4,1 m), and BMI (15,9 ± 1,7 vs 15,5 ± 1,7 kg/m2) respectively. While the age, height, and BMI did not show any significant difference, the weight was significantly higher in men (p˂0,05) than in women. Prevalence of the nutrirional status for male and female was: short height 4% vs 5%, normal height 90% vs 90%, tall height 6% vs 5%, low weight 8% vs 6%, normal weight 72% vs 85%, overweight 16% vs 8%, and obesity 4% vs 1% respectively. The study showed that 78,5% of the preschoolers was within the normal weight range, where women registered higher prevalence. In regards to overweight and obesity, preschoolers showed prevalence of 12% and 2,5% respectively, where men showed higher prevalence for both of the conditions. The results of this study conclude that while overweight-obesity has increased, low weight prevalence has decreased in the Costa Rican preschooler population.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional status of Costa Rican preschoolers. A total of 200 preschoolers (100 male and 100 female) with ages between 5 to 6 years old (5,6 ± 0,29 years old) were assessed. The evaluation of the nutritional status was performed by means of the anthropometric indicators height-for-age (H/A) and BMI (8kg/m2) according to sex and age. The anthropometric values assesed in male and female preeschoolers were: age (5,7 ± 0,3 vs 5,6 ± 0,3 años), weight (22,2 ± 6,9 vs 18,7 ± 4,4 kg), height (1,1 ± 6,5 vs 1,1 ± 4,1 m), and BMI (15,9 ± 1,7 vs 15,5 ± 1,7 kg/m2) respectively. While the age, height, and BMI did not show any significant difference, the weight was significantly higher in men (p˂0,05) than in women. Prevalence of the nutrirional status for male and female was: short height 4% vs 5%, normal height 90% vs 90%, tall height 6% vs 5%, low weight 8% vs 6%, normal weight 72% vs 85%, overweight 16% vs 8%, and obesity 4% vs 1% respectively. The study showed that 78,5% of the preschoolers was within the normal weight range, where women registered higher prevalence. In regards to overweight and obesity, preschoolers showed prevalence of 12% and 2,5% respectively, where men showed higher prevalence for both of the conditions. The results of this study conclude that while overweight-obesity has increased, low weight prevalence has decreased in the Costa Rican preschooler population.
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Antropometría, Estado nutricional, Indicadores antropométricos, Preescolares, Anthropometry, Nutritional status, Anthropometric indicators, Preschoolers
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https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/pensamiento-actual/article/view/35638
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