Revisión del tratamiento de la enfermedad invasiva por candida spp. persistente en el paciente hospitalizado con intervención quirúrgica abdominal
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La candidiasis invasiva es la infección fúngica severa más frecuente y su incidencia se encuentra al alta. Su presentación clínica es inespecífica y su diagnóstico se ve limitado por la baja sensibilidad de los métodos convencionales y la demora en los resultados, lo cual contribuye a una elevada mortalidad. Dentro de las formas de candidiasis invasiva, la infección persistente representa un reto clínico importante por la falta de una definición estandarizada y pautas de tratamiento en este subgrupo de pacientes. Esta revisión narrativa tuvo como objetivo analizar la evidencia disponible sobre el abordaje diagnóstico y tratamiento de la candidiasis invasiva persistente por Candida spp. en pacientes posquirúrgicos abdominales hospitalizados. Se incluyeron 69 artículos seleccionados de la base de datos PubMed entre 2015 y 2025, con énfasis en estudios de cohorte, ensayos clínicos, guías clínicas y revisiones sistemáticas. Se identificaron múltiples factores de riesgo asociados a la persistencia de la infección, así como limitaciones significativas en las herramientas diagnósticas y en la efectividad de los tratamientos actuales, especialmente en contextos con recursos limitados como el costarricense. Se concluye que el manejo óptimo de estos pacientes requiere la integración de herramientas clínicas, microbiológicas e imagenológicas, así como una estrecha coordinación multidisciplinaria para lograr control de foco y optimización antifúngica. Se enfatiza la necesidad de mejorar la vigilancia epidemiológica local con el fin de elaborar guías clínicas acorde a la realidad del país.
Invasive candidiasis is the most common severe fungal infection, and its incidence is on the rise. Its clinical presentation is nonspecific, and diagnosis is hindered by the low sensitivity of conventional methods and delays in obtaining results, all of which contribute to a high mortality rate. Among the various forms of invasive candidiasis, persistent infection represents a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of a standardized definition and clear treatment guidelines for this subgroup of patients. This narrative review aimed to analyze the available evidence on the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to persistent invasive candidiasis caused by Candida spp. in hospitalized postoperative abdominal surgery patients. A total of 69 articles were included, selected from the PubMed database between 2015 and 2025, with emphasis on cohort studies, clinical trials, clinical guidelines, and systematic reviews. Multiple risk factors associated with infection persistence were identified, along with significant limitations in diagnostic tools and the effectiveness of current treatments—particularly in resource-limited settings such as the Costa Rican public health system. It is concluded that optimal management of these patients requires the integration of clinical, microbiological, and imaging tools, as well as close multidisciplinary coordination to achieve effective source control and antifungal optimization. The need to strengthen local epidemiological surveillance is emphasized in order to develop clinical guidelines that reflect the realities of the national healthcare context.
Invasive candidiasis is the most common severe fungal infection, and its incidence is on the rise. Its clinical presentation is nonspecific, and diagnosis is hindered by the low sensitivity of conventional methods and delays in obtaining results, all of which contribute to a high mortality rate. Among the various forms of invasive candidiasis, persistent infection represents a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of a standardized definition and clear treatment guidelines for this subgroup of patients. This narrative review aimed to analyze the available evidence on the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to persistent invasive candidiasis caused by Candida spp. in hospitalized postoperative abdominal surgery patients. A total of 69 articles were included, selected from the PubMed database between 2015 and 2025, with emphasis on cohort studies, clinical trials, clinical guidelines, and systematic reviews. Multiple risk factors associated with infection persistence were identified, along with significant limitations in diagnostic tools and the effectiveness of current treatments—particularly in resource-limited settings such as the Costa Rican public health system. It is concluded that optimal management of these patients requires the integration of clinical, microbiological, and imaging tools, as well as close multidisciplinary coordination to achieve effective source control and antifungal optimization. The need to strengthen local epidemiological surveillance is emphasized in order to develop clinical guidelines that reflect the realities of the national healthcare context.
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candidiasis invasiva, infecciones fúngicas, Candida spp., infección posquirúrgica, invasive candidiasis, fungal infections, postoperative infection
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